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Blame and Backlash: Muslim Americans after 9/11

Lori Peek, Ph.D. Department of Sociology and Center for Disaster and Risk Analysis Colorado State University. Blame and Backlash: Muslim Americans after 9/11. September 11, 2001. September 11, 2001. September 11, 2001. Response to 9/11. Response to 9/11. A desire to help.

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Blame and Backlash: Muslim Americans after 9/11

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  1. Lori Peek, Ph.D. Department of Sociology and Center for Disaster and Risk Analysis Colorado State University Blame and Backlash: Muslim Americans after 9/11

  2. September 11, 2001

  3. September 11, 2001

  4. September 11, 2001

  5. Response to 9/11

  6. Response to 9/11 • A desire to help

  7. Response to 9/11 • A desire to help • A desire to give

  8. Response to 9/11 • A desire to help • A desire to give • A surge in patriotism

  9. Response to 9/11 • A desire to help • A desire to give • A surge in patriotism • A need to grieve • A need to stand together in solidarity

  10. Sadness, Strength, and Solidarity

  11. Shock and Fear

  12. Anger and Outrage

  13. Backlash 1. Any sudden or violent reaction; specifically, a strong political or social reaction resulting from fear or resentment of a movement, candidate, ethnic group, etc. 2.An excessive and adverse societal and governmental reaction to a political or ideological crisis against a group or groups.

  14. Types of Backlash

  15. Post-9/11 Backlash • Unprecedented surge in anti-Muslim bias in the U.S.

  16. Anti-Islamic Hate Crimes (1995-2008) Source: FBI Uniform Crime Report

  17. Anti-Other Ethnicity/National Origin Hate Crimes (2000-01) Source: FBI Uniform Crime Report

  18. Anti-Muslim Bias Incidents (1995-2008) Source: Council on American-Islamic Relations

  19. Understanding Backlash • Why does backlash occur after certain crises, but not after others? • Why are only some individuals and groups singled out for mistreatment, while others are left alone? • What can the public and political response to 9/11 teach us about the processes that set blame assignment and backlash into motion?

  20. Post-9/11 Backlash

  21. Intentional Acts of Mass Violence Post-9/11 Backlash

  22. Intentional Acts of Mass Violence Post-9/11 Backlash

  23. 2,973 dead Intentional Acts of Mass Violence • Thousands injured Magnitude of Losses Endured • Widespread psychological trauma • $80-$100 billion financial losses Post-9/11 Backlash • 75,000-100,000 jobs lost

  24. Intentional Acts of Mass Violence Pre-9/11 Anti-Muslim Social and Political Context Magnitude of Losses Endured Post-9/11 Backlash

  25. Pre-9/11 Hostile Context • Persistently negative media representations

  26. Pre-9/11 Hostile Context • Persistently negative media representations

  27. Pre-9/11 Hostile Context • Persistently negative media representations • Actual global increase in terrorist violence

  28. Pre-9/11 Hostile Context • Persistently negative media representations • Actual global increase in terrorist violence • Conflict in the Middle East

  29. Intentional Acts of Mass Violence Pre-9/11 Anti-Muslim Social and Political Context Magnitude of Losses Endured Muslims as Dangerous and Threatening Outsiders Post-9/11 Backlash

  30. 34% of Americans believe that Islam encourages violence • Nearly 60% of Americans believe that Muslims are prone to violent extremism Intentional Acts of Mass Violence Pre-9/11 Anti-Muslim Social and Political Context Magnitude of Losses Endured • 39% of Americans admit to feeling “some prejudice” against Muslims Muslims as Dangerous and Threatening Outsiders • 22% of Americans would not want Muslims as neighbors Post-9/11 Backlash

  31. Outsiders

  32. Intentional Acts of Mass Violence Pre-9/11 Anti-Muslim Social and Political Context Magnitude of Losses Endured Muslims as Dangerous and Threatening Outsiders Identifiability of the Muslim Population Post-9/11 Backlash

  33. Intentional Acts of Mass Violence Pre-9/11 Anti-Muslim Social and Political Context Magnitude of Losses Endured Muslims as Dangerous and Threatening Outsiders Relative Powerlessness of Muslims Identifiability of the Muslim Population Post-9/11 Backlash

  34. Intentional Acts of Mass Violence Pre-9/11 Anti-Muslim Social and Political Context Magnitude of Losses Endured Muslims as Dangerous and Threatening Outsiders Relative Powerlessness of Muslims Identifiability of the Muslim Population Post-9/11 Backlash

  35. Intentional Acts of Mass Violence Pre-9/11 Anti-Muslim Social and Political Context Magnitude of Losses Endured Muslims as Dangerous and Threatening Outsiders Relative Powerlessness of Muslims Identifiability of the Muslim Population Post-9/11 Backlash

  36. Backlash Inertia • Gallup Polls of Americans: • % who have a negative view of Islam • 14% (2001) • 34% (2002) • 46% (2006) • 53% (2009)

  37. Questions? Comments?Thank you… Lori Peek 970-491-6777 Lori.Peek@colostate.edu

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