Vestibulocochlear Organ (Ear) 前庭蜗器 ( 耳 )

1. Vestibulocochlear Organ (Ear) 前庭蜗器 (耳)

2. ear (vestibulocochlear organ) external ear middle ear internal ear The external and middle ears are a sound collecting and transmitting apparatus.

3. internal ear external ear middle ear

4. The internal ear can receive the stimuli of both sound waves and changes of head position.

5. Ⅰ. The External Ear ⑴auricle (耳廓)； ⑵external acoustic meatus (外耳道) ⑶tympanic membrane (鼓膜). external ear

6. (Ⅰ). The Auricle (耳廓)

7. External acoustic meatus labyrinth Auricle Tympanic membrane Auditory tube Tympanic cavity

8. Superior crus of antihelix Cymba of auricular concha Triangular fossa inferior crus of antihelix Antihelix Helix Crus of helix Cavity of auricular concha tragus External acoustic pore antitragus Intertragal notch Auriclar lobule

9. 耳甲艇 耳舟 耳甲腔

11. (Ⅱ). The External Acoustic Meatus (外耳道)

12. External acoustic meatus Auricle External acoustic pore Tympanic membrane Auditory tube Tympanic cavity

13. (Ⅲ). The Tympanic Membrane (鼓膜)

14. 外耳道 迷路 耳廓 鼓膜 咽鼓管 鼓室

15. Head of malleus Flaccid part Posterior malleolar fold Malleolar prominence Malleolar stria Tense part Umbo of tympanic membrane Cone of light

16. Flaccid part Posterior malleolar fold Malleolar prominence Malleolar stria Tense part Umbo of tympanic membrane Cone of light

17. 锤骨头 锤骨后襞 鼓膜松弛部 锤凸 锤纹 鼓膜脐 鼓膜紧张部 反射光锥

18. Ⅱ. The Middle Ear The middle ear includes tympanic cavity(鼓室), auditory tube(咽鼓管), mastoid antrum (乳突窦) and mastoid cells (乳突小房).

19. (Ⅰ). Tympanic Cavity (鼓室) 1.The walls of tympanic cavity

20. six walls of tympanic cavity: ①tegmental wall (superior wall) ②jugular wall (inferior wall) ③carotid wall (anterior wall) ④mastoid wall (posterior wall) ⑤membranous wall (lateral wall) ⑥labyrinthine wall (medial wall)

21. Tensor tympani cochlea Semicircular canal Auditory ossicules Opening of mastoid antrum Tympanic membrane Tympanic cavity Internal jugular v. Auditory tube Internal carotid a.

22. 听小骨 鼓窦口 半规管 耳蜗 鼓膜 鼓膜张肌 鼓室 颈内静脉 咽鼓管 颈内动脉

23. Mastoid antrum Opening of mastoid antrum Auditory ossicles Tensor tympani Auditory tube Tympanic membrane stapedius Facial nerve Mastoid cells

24. 鼓窦 鼓窦口 听小骨 鼓膜张肌 咽鼓管 鼓膜 镫骨肌 面神经 乳突小房

25. Fenestra vestibuli (oval window) Prominence of facial canal Mastoid antrum Pyramidal eminence Mastoid cells Facial nerve Fenestra cochleae (round window) promontary

26. 鼓窦口 面神经管凸 前庭窗 鼓窦 岬 乳突小房 面神经 锥隆起 蜗窗

27. 2.The auditory ossicles(听小骨) The tympanic cavity contains a chain of three ossicles: malleus (垂骨), incus (砧骨) and stapes (镫骨).

28. Incus-malleus joint Body of incus Long crus of incus Head of malleus Incus-stapes joint Anterior process Manubrium of malleus Anterior crus of stapes Base of stapes

29. 砧锤关节 砧骨短脚 锤骨头 砧骨长脚 砧镫关节 前突 锤骨柄 镫骨前脚 镫骨底

30. incus malleus stapes Tensor tympani

31. 砧骨 镫骨 锤骨 鼓膜张肌

32. Ⅱ. Auditory Tube (Eustachian Tube) It is the channel through which the tympanic cavity communicates with nasopharynx.

33. External acoustic meatus Auricle External acoustic pore Tympanic membrane Auditory tube Tympanic cavity

34. It is approximately 3.5- 4.0 cm long, and is divided into the cartilaginous part and the bony part.

35. Ⅲ. The Mastoid Antrum and Mastoid Cells (乳突窦和乳突小房)

36. Mastoid antrum Opening of mastoid antrum Auditory ossicles Tensor tympani Auditory tube Tympanic membrane stapedius Facial nerve Mastoid cells

37. Ⅲ.The Internal Ear(内耳) The internal (inner) ear lies in the petrous part of the temporal bone, and consists of bony labyrinth(骨迷路) and membranous labyrinth (膜迷路).

38. The bony labyrinth is composed of the canals of compact bone. The membranous labyrinth consists of a series of membranous sacs and ducts and is contained within the bony labyrinth.

39. The membranous labyrinth is filled with endolymph(内淋巴), and the space between the membranous and bony labyrinth is filled with perilymph (外淋巴). The endolymph does not communicate with perilymph.

40. Bony semicircular canals Membranous semicircular canals cochlea Endolymphatic sac Fenestra vestibuli Fenestra cochlea vestibule

41. 骨半规管 耳蜗 膜半规管 前庭 前庭窗 蜗窗

42. (Ⅰ). The Bony Labyrinth From before backwards, the bony labyrinth is divided into three parts: the cochlea, the vestibule and the bony semicircular canals．

43. bony semicircular canals cochlea vestibule

44. Anterior (superior) semicircualr canal Common bony crus Bony ampullary crus Bony ampulla osseous spiral lamina Fenestra cochlea Lateral semicircular canal Posterior semicircular canal

45. 前(上)半规管 壶腹骨脚 骨壶腹 总骨脚 后半规管 外半规管 蜗窗 骨螺旋板

46. Summit of cochlea helicotrema Hamulus of spiral lamina Cochlear spiral canal Scala vestibuli Vestibular membrane Cochlear duct Spiral (basilar) membrane modiolus Osseous spiral lamina Scala tympani

47. 蜗顶 螺旋板钩 蜗螺旋管 蜗孔 前庭阶 前庭襞 蜗管 螺旋襞 蜗轴 鼓阶 骨蜗螺旋板

48. (Ⅱ). The Membranous Labyrinth It is a series of membranous canals and sacs which lie within the bony labyrinth. It is similar to bony labyrinth in shape, but is smaller.

49. The membranous labyrinth, from before backwards, includes: the cochlear duct(蜗管), the utricle(椭圆囊) and saccule(球囊), and the membranous semicircular ducts(膜半规管).

50. The membranous labyrinth is lined with epithelium and is filled with the endolymph. The spiral organ(螺旋器) and vestibular organs(前庭器) are situated in its walls.