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The Northern Renaissance: Art, Literature, and Social Reform in 16th Century Europe

The Northern Renaissance marked a significant cultural shift in Europe, characterized by the flourishing of art and literature influenced by Italian ideas. Monarchs invested heavily in art, leading to advancements in techniques and styles. Prominent artists such as Albrecht Dürer and Jan van Eyck revolutionized painting, while writers like Erasmus and Thomas More sought to reform society through Christian humanism. The era also produced Shakespeare, whose works reflected profound insights into human nature. The invention of the printing press by Gutenberg facilitated the spread of knowledge and literacy, reshaping society's intellectual landscape.

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The Northern Renaissance: Art, Literature, and Social Reform in 16th Century Europe

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  1. Northern Renaissance

  2. I. Northern Renaissance Begins • Monarchs spend lots of money on art • Ideas about art and human dignity spread from Italy to the rest of Europe

  3. II. Artistic Ideas Spread • German Painters • Albrecht Durer—wood cuts and engravings that show religious and secular topics • Hans Holblen the Younger—painted royalty in almost photographic detail B. Flemish Painters—oil paints, realistic details, and personality • Jan Van Eyk—subtle colors • Pieter Brugel the Elder—everyday peasant life

  4. III. Northern Writers Try to Reform Society • Christian Humanists • Erasmus – poked fun at High Society • Thomas More – Utopia – No greed, corruption or war. Foundation for Communism • Women Reforms • Christine de Pizan – Spoke out against only sending boys to boarding school

  5. IV. The Elizabethan Age • Shakespeare 1. Showed deep understanding of Human Nature 1. Plays Included Romeo and Juliet, Othello, Hamlet etc.

  6. V. Printing Press • Johann Gutenberg • Spread Knowledge (cheap and affordable books) • Encouraged literacy • Combination of European and Asian designs

  7. VI. Legacy of Renaissance A. Change in art 1. Perspective, realism, vernacular 2. Secular – Living in the World 3. Individual achievement B. Change in Society 1. Printing Press 2. New discoveries in science 3. Question Politics and religion 4. Christian Humanists attempt to reform society

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