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Skeletal Disorders

Skeletal Disorders. Includes bone, cartilage, ligaments and joints. Tumors of Bone and Cartilage. Osteosarcoma – malignant neoplasm of bone, most common Chondrosarcoma – cancer of skeletal hyaline cartilage tissue. Metabolic Bone Diseases.

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Skeletal Disorders

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  1. Skeletal Disorders Includes bone, cartilage, ligaments and joints

  2. Tumors of Bone and Cartilage • Osteosarcoma – malignant neoplasm of bone, most common • Chondrosarcoma – cancer of skeletal hyaline cartilage tissue

  3. Metabolic Bone Diseases • Osteoporosis – low estrogen level, genetic, postmenopause • Excessive loss of calcified bone matrix • Loss of trabeculae in spongy bone • Compression factures = shorter stature, kyphosis “dowager’s hump”

  4. Metabolic bone disease cont. • Rickets and osteomalacia • Demineralization of loss of minerals from bone related to vit. D deficiency • Rickets = children, bowing of legs • Osteomalacia = increased susceptibility to fractures • Paget disese –osteitis deformans • Osteoclastic (bone resorbing) and osteoblastic (bone forming) activity = bone deformties

  5. Bone Infection • Osteomyelitis –bacterial infections of bone and marrow tissue • Persistent and severe pain, muscle spasm, swelling and fever

  6. Bone fractures • Open fractures (compound) – bone pierces the skin • Closed fracture (simple) – do not pierce the skin • Complete fractures – bone fragments separate completely • Incomplete fracture – bone fragments still partially formed, ex. Greenstick • Comminuted fractures – breaks with many fragments • Impacted fractures – bone fractures driven into each other.

  7. fractures • Linear – parallel to bones axis • Transverse – right angle to bones axis • Oblique – fracture is diagonal • Bone fracture – • Bone bleeds and becomes inflamed • Callus (bony framework) formed around injury which stabilizes the bone fragment

  8. Joint disorders - noninflammatory • Osteoarthritis – degenerative joint disease • Formation of bone spurs and degeneration of articular cartilage • Seen more often in hips and knees • Includes interphalangeal joints (nodes) • Sprain – acute injury to ligament around joint • Strain – involves muscle, tendon and junction between the two, most occur in muscle tissue

  9. Joint disease - inflammatory • Arthritis – general term • Rheumatoid – autoimmune disease, chronic inflammation of connective tissue, characteristic hand deformities • Gouty arthritis – gout is uric acid build up in the blood, deposited as sodium urate crystals in joints • Infectious arthritis – pathogens infect synovial membrane, ex. lyme

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