3.01 Analyze the unique properties of water including: Universal Solvent Cohesion and Adhesion

1. 3.01 Analyze the unique properties of water including: • Universal Solvent • Cohesion and Adhesion • Polarity • Density and Buoyancy • Specific Heat

2. 1. Water can exists as a ____________, ____________, and ___________ on Earth. 2. Water molecules stick to other water molecules in _______________ 3. Water easily dissolves substances with ionic bonds. This is because water has _____________, or a negative and a positive end solid liquid gas cohesion polarity

3. 4. Water molecules stick to other types of molecules in ____________ 5. Surface tension is caused by a strong attraction between ___________ molecules 6. The density of _________water is less than the density of _________ water. 7. ___________ is the force of water pushing up on an object to make it float. adhesion water hot cold Buoyancy

4. 3.02 Explain the structure of the hydrosphere including: • Water distribution on Earth • Local river basin • Local water availability

5. 3.5 8. Freshwater makes up ____% of all water on Earth. Saltwater makes up ____% of all water on Earth. 9. 2/3 of all freshwater is found frozen (______ state) in ________ or _________. 10. The top portion of an aquifer that is saturated with water is called a(n) ____________________________________ 96.5 solid ice bergs glaciers Zone of saturation

6. 11. About ____% of the Earth is covered with land and about ____% of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. 12. On Earth, water flows from divides into areas known as_______________. 13. Water that collects and moves beneath Earth’s surface is called ____________. 30 70 river basins groundwater

7. 14. As water seeps into the ground, it is stopped by a layer of ___________________. 15. An area that determines the direction of water flow is called a(n) __________. 16. Water in aquifers is the most used source of __________ by people, but often contains___________________ 17. Two sources of fresh water are___________ and ___________. impermeable material watershed fresh water dissolved substances groundwater surface water

8. 3.03 Evaluate evidence that Earths oceans are a reservoir of nutrients, minerals, dissolved gases, and life forms: • Estuaries • Marine Ecosystems • Upwelling • Behavior of gases in the marine environment • Value and sustainability of marine resources • Deep ocean technology and understandings gained

9. 18. Warm water rises and cold water sinks in ___________________, which mixes nutrients in a lake. (Upwelling is opposite and happen in the ocean! ) 19. __________ drop sediments that contain valuable minerals into the ocean. 20. Organisms that live in the _________ ______ must be able to live in and out of the water. Seasonal change (pg 72) Estuaries intertidal zone

10. 21. Cracks in the ocean’s crust that allow heat from the Earth to escape are called ___________________. 22. Tiny, plantlike organisms that undergo photosynthesis are called _____________ _____. 23. __________ and _________are two negative outcomes from commercial fishing. hydrothermal vents phytoplankton/ algae Overfishing pollution

11. 24. Type of wetland: home to many trees: ___________. home to grassy plants: __________. 25. Fresh water from __________ meets salt water from the __________ in environments called ____________. 26. The open ocean is divided into two zones: __________ and __________. swamps marshes rivers ocean estuaries surface deep

12. 27. The _____ _______ moves warm water towards Great Britain creating a mild climate. 28. ______ currents move nutrients to the surface and mix oxygen with the ocean. (like upwelling) 29. We use ________, ________, and ___________ to map out the ocean floor. Gulf Stream Deep satellite SONAR submersibles

13. 30. A __________ is a mass of moving water. 31. As you travel further down in the ocean the temperature ____________. 32. _____ and ______ are the source of dissolved oxygen in the ocean. current decreases Air algae

14. 3.04 Describe how terrestrial and aquatic food webs are interconnected

15. 33. What organisms would be involved in a terrestrial food web? 34. What organisms would be involved in an aquatic food web? 35. How might these organisms interact to connect terrestrial and aquatic food webs? Any animals that live on land: Any animals that live in water: Recall examples with polar bear and fish. What others can you think of?

16. 36. How might water pollution affect this combined food web? 37. How might land pollutions affect this combined food web? If something aquatic that is low in food chain (ex. plankton) is negatively affected by pollution, everything in food web will eventually die. If the land animals are negatively affected by pollution, then anything eaten by the land animal will become over populated.

17. 3.06 Evaluate technologies and information systems used to monitor the hydrosphere

18. 38. ___% of the ocean remains unexplored. 39. How can satellites be used to monitor the hydrosphere? 40. How can submarines and sub-sea observatories be used to monitor the hydrosphere? 95 Provides continuous measurement on a global scale. Satellites can provide data on rapidly changing ocean condition. Radiometer sensors collect temperature measurements using thermal infrared remote sensing . Also used for collecting water chemistry, temperature, ocean surface topography, sea surface winds, and currents. Small submarines and sub-sea observatories can explore larger areas of the ocean, including specific marine habitats.

19. 41. How can drifters and buoys be used to monitor the hydrosphere? 42. Ocean exploration requires cooperation between many different types of scientists and mathematicians. Provide 3 examples of different types of scientists and how they need to work together. Provides information from a specific location on sea surface temperature, wind, and salinity. Answers vary. Example – Marine biologist, meteorologist, and engineer (you come up with the scenario!)

20. 3.07 Describe how humans effect the quality of water: • Point and nonpoint sources of water pollution in North Carolina • Possible effects of excess nutrients in North Carolina waters • Economic trade-offs • Local water issues

21. 43. Without ________ there would be no life on Earth. 44. An increase of nutrients in a lake or pond that causes algae to grow is called ______________________________. 45. On Earth, water that flows off the side of the land and into a drainage basin is known as ________. water nutrient influx  eutrophication run-off

22. 46. Point-source pollution is ____ to locate. Many ___________ are put into place to prevent this pollution. 47. The type of pollution that causes most water pollution is _______________ pollution. easy regulation non-point source

23. 48. An example of ____________ pollution is an oil spill. (Like what is happening right now in the Gulf of Mexico) 49. An example of __________________ pollution is runoff from nearby farms or yards. 50. Dangerous chemicals are only allowed in low _____________ because of the damage they cause. point-source non-point source concentrations

24. 51. The use of water to grow crops is called ____________. 52. ____________________ create electricity from moving water in tides, rivers, and falls. irrigation Hydro-electric plants

25. 53. __________ is the measure of how murky or muddy water appears. 54. _______ are built across rivers to help control the water, but interfere with _________ fish. Turbidity Dams spawning

26. 3.08 Recognize that the good health of environments and organisms requires: • Monitoring of the hydrosphere • Water quality standards • Methods of water treatment • Maintaining safe water quality • Stewardship

27. Evaporation condensation 55. ____________, _____________, and ____________ are all parts of the water cycle. 56. The ________ determines whether the levels off chemicals in the water are safe for human consumption. 57. ______________ are used to treat wastewater in rural areas, and _________________________ treat water in urban areas. precipitation EPA Septic systems wastewater treatment plants

28. 58. We can conserve water in three ways: ________, ________, and ________. 59. The process of removing salt from water is known as ___________. 60. __________ is added to the water in water treatment plants to kill off any harmful microorganisms. reducing recycling reusing desalination Chlorine

29. 61. ________________________ is the source of most p0llution in the ocean waters. Non-point source pollution

30. 62. How might a bio-indicator help us monitor water quality? 63. Why are turbidity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, and nitrate levels important to water quality? If only resistant bio-indicators are present, you know water quality is poor. What else? You tell me… Each tells us how healthy the water is and whether life will be able to thrive in the water. What else? – You tell me…