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The Immune System: The Body ’ s Defense

The Immune System: The Body ’ s Defense. Immune System Video. The Nature of Disease. Pathogenic Organisms Genetic Disorders Toxic Chemicals Other Environmental Factors Physical Damage to Organs Nutritional Disorders. Types of Pathogenic Organisms. Viruses Bacteria Protozoan Fungi

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The Immune System: The Body ’ s Defense

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  1. The Immune System:The Body’s Defense Immune System Video

  2. The Nature of Disease • Pathogenic Organisms • Genetic Disorders • Toxic Chemicals • Other Environmental Factors • Physical Damage to Organs • Nutritional Disorders

  3. Types of Pathogenic Organisms • Viruses • Bacteria • Protozoan • Fungi • Animal • Parasites

  4. Defense Mechanisms • External defense • Internal Defense • Immune Defense

  5. Non-Specific Defense • Neutrophils, Macrophages, Eosinophils, and Natural killer cells • Destroy or eat anything abnormal or that is not normally there • Attack: microbes, viruses, parasites, infected cells

  6. Non-Specific Defense • Inflammatory response is a response caused by injury to, or infection of the tissues • starts with release of histamine and other chemicals • ends with WBC cleaning up the debris

  7. Histamine • Produced by basophils and mast cells • Triggers the inflammatory response • dilates local blood vessels • increases capillary permeability • Result is redness, heat and swelling • Leads to classic allergic reactions • Complement • chemotaxsis agent • recruits in WBC to injury site

  8. Specific Immunity • Lymphocytes and Antibodies • Combat specific Antigens • Antigen: a foreign molecules that elicits a specific response The immuneresponse, is a series of specific defenses that attack antigens.

  9. How do we gain Specific Immunity? • Natural Active Immunity: immunity by recovering from disease • Ex. Chicken Pox • Artificial Active Immunity: vaccination • Ex. Flu • Passive Immunity: transfer from mother to child

  10. Lymphatic systemLymphatic Video Part of the Disease Fighting Immune System

  11. Lymphatic system function • Collects fluid that is lost by the blood and returns it back to the circulatory system. • As the fluid is transported, the lymph nodes filter/traps bacteria and other pathogens. • Microorganisms are destroyed in the nodes. • Old or damaged red blood cells are destroyed in the spleen. • Lymph fluid then is ready to be returned to the circulatory system. • Carries fat-soluble vitamins to the blood from the digestive system.

  12. The lymphatic system organs • Lymph vessels: lymph travels through to return to the circulatory system • Lymph nodes: filters foreign particles out of the lymph • Thymus: gland that helps white blood cells mature • Spleen: destroys damaged red blood cells and platelets.

  13. Homeostasis • The lymphatic system helps maintain homeostasis in several ways. • Returns lost fluid back to the circulatory system to avoid swelling • Filters and cleans lymph fluid from foreign pathogens, damaged cells etc. • Helps mature white blood cells which help fight infections.

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