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Understanding Standards of Measurements: SI Units and Data Visualization Techniques

This chapter explores the fundamental standards of measurements, focusing on the International System of Units (SI), also known as the metric system. It covers the types and categories of units, including base and derived units, and delves into scientific notation for expressing large and small numbers. The distinction between precision and accuracy in measurements is highlighted, along with rules for significant figures. Additionally, the chapter presents various visual data representation techniques, including line graphs, bar graphs, and pie charts, essential for illustrating relationships between variables.

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Understanding Standards of Measurements: SI Units and Data Visualization Techniques

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Section 1 Chapter 2

  2. Standards of Measurements • Standard • Exact quantity that people agree to use • SI System • International System of Units & Measurements • AKA Metric System • Improved version of the metric system • Base 10 number system • Universally accepted & understood by scientists throughout the world

  3. Types of Units • Base Units • Units from which ALL other units are made (derived) • Derived units • Combinations of base units

  4. SI Base Units

  5. BIG Common Prefixes

  6. Small Common Prefixes

  7. Scientific NotationM x 10n • Way of expressing very BIG or very SMALL numbers • Expresses numbers as powers of ten • Numerical (M) is between 1.0 and 10 • Contains exact number of sig. figs. • Pos. exponent (n) is a BIG number • Neg. exponent (n) is SMALL number

  8. Converting Units • Factor Label Method • State Given Factor Unit • Add Railroad Tracks • Show = _______ name desired units • Insert equivalents until desired unit is achieved • Multiply to find resulting value

  9. 1 in = __?__ ft 1 in x _________ = _________ft 12 in = 1 ft 1 in x _________ = _________ft 1 ft 12 in .083

  10. Chapter 2 Section 2

  11. Precision vs. Accuracy • Precision • Describes the degree of exactness of a measure • Accuracy • Describes how well the results of an experiment agree with the standard value

  12. Parallax • The apparent shift in the position of an object when it is viewed from different angles.

  13. Sig Figs • Nonzero digits are always significant • Zeros between 2 other sig figs are always significant (sandwich rule) • After a decimal point, the LAST or FINAL digit is significant (little piggy) • Zeros that are placeholders are NOT significant

  14. When adding with sig figs • In the FINAL answer…Use same number of decimal places as the least precise item being added • When multiplying with sig figs • In the FINAL answer…Use the same number of sig figs as the least of the items being multiplied

  15. Chapter 2 Section 3

  16. Visual Data • Line Graph • Shows relationship between dependent variable and independent variable • Bar Graph • Comparing info collected by counting • Pie Graph • Part to Whole

  17. 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Bar Graphs

  18. Pie Graph

  19. Plotting Line Graphs • See steps to follow on pg 31

  20. Linear Relationships y = mx + b Y-intercept = b Slope = m = rise = Δy run Δx Δ (delta) means change

  21. Non-linear Relationships Quadratic Relationships (parabola) y = ax2 + bx + c Inverse Relationship (hyperbola) xy = a y = a x

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