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Understanding Igneous Rocks: Formation, Cooling, and Classification

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Igneous rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma (molten rock deep underground) or lava (molten rock near the Earth’s surface). Their classification is based on two main qualities: texture and crystal size. Fast-cooling extrusive igneous rocks, like pumice, often have a glassy texture with air holes, while slow-cooling intrusive rocks, such as granite, exhibit large visible crystals. This guide explores the characteristics of these rocks, including examples like basalt, pumice, and scoria, to help identify their unique features.

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Understanding Igneous Rocks: Formation, Cooling, and Classification

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  1. Igneous Rocks

  2. B. Igneous Rocks cooling solidification • Form from the ______ and __________ of either ______ (molten rock that is deep underground) or ____ (molten rock that is on or near the Earth’s surface). magma lava

  3. How large the crystals are, not how they feel. • Classified based on Two qualities: • Texture: Ex) Pumice feels rough because escaping gases left air holes or vesicles in it as it cooled, but it cooled so quickly that NO mineral crystals were able to form. Pumice has a “Glassy” texture. • An igneous rock that has small crystals will have cooled _____ and at or near the Earth’s ________. These are __________ igneous rocks. fast surface extrusive

  4. Extrusive Igneous Rocks Basalt

  5. slowly intrusive • An igneous rock that has large, visible crystals will have cooled _____ and deep underground. These are ________ igneous rocks. Granite

  6. An extrusive rock that cools while gas is escaping through, leaving air pockets or vesicles (holes) is called ________. Ex) Pumice & Scoria. vesicular Pumice Scoria

  7. Identify these rocks Basalt Granite Pumice

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