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Understanding Racism and Diversity in Canada: Historical Perspectives and Future Implications

This lecture explores the history and future of racialized groups in Canada. It provides definitions of key concepts such as race, discrimination, prejudice, and stereotyping, and highlights the differences between governmental and scientific perspectives on racism. We will examine the demographics of Canada's population, including the growing visible minority (VM) groups and their implications for community services and recruitment. Understanding this history is crucial for effective diversity management and fostering an inclusive society.

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Understanding Racism and Diversity in Canada: Historical Perspectives and Future Implications

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Lecture Overview • The Past • The Future • Definitions of concepts • Governmental vs. scientific

  2. History of Racism in Canada • Why learn about the history of racialized groups? • Stephan & Stephan 02 • Cultural Circles Exercise • Similar to Qs: Why learn about own culture?

  3. Canadian Population in 2017 • 19-23% of Canadians will be VM • Why? • Immigration • Immigrants will be 22% of pop’n • Higher fertility of VM • Younger age structure of VM

  4. Canadian Population in 2017 • Who? • Equal proportions of S. Asian & Chinese, next highest is Black • Where? • 75% of VM will be living in TO, Vancouver, Montreal • More than 50% of SA & 40% of Chinese in Canada will live in TO • Of the VMs in Montreal, 27% will be Blacks & 19% will be Arab

  5. Implications of Forecasts • By VM group • By VM & geographic region • For… • Recruitment • Community Services • Service Industries • What else?

  6. What is Race • An old classification system based on • Skin colour • Bodily features • Accent/speech • Name • Clothing/grooming • Diet • Beliefs/practices • Leisure preferences • Place of origin • Citizenship

  7. What is Race • Lack of scientific evidence for racial classification system • Differences within races on important characteristics are greater than those between races • E.g., Spread vs. overlap of distributions

  8. What is not Race? • Difference between race &…. • Gender • Psychological characteristics (e.g., individualism) • Use test of overlap vs. spread of differences • Social belief in existence of race has persisted despite lack of scientific proof • Similar to people’s lay theories of disease • Implications?

  9. Prejudice Discrimination Stereotype Stephan & Stephan 02

  10. What is discrimination? • Unequal treatment or behavior toward members of different groups (Stephan & Stephan 02) • Distinction, exclusion, restriction or preference based on group membership impairing human rights (Human rights doc) • Impose burdens not imposed on others • Withhold or limit access to benefits available to others

  11. Indicators of Discrimination • Individual • E.g., behaviors like different performance ratings for members of different groups all else being equal • Institutional • Policies, practices, procedures that disadvantage members of some groups • Unequal representation in upper & middle layers of administration, economic & media institutions Compare with Brief et al

  12. Indicators of Discrimination • Societal • Group differences in • Poverty • Imprisonment • Access to employment, housing, healthcare

  13. Prejudice Discrimination Stereotype Stephan & Stephan 02

  14. What is racism/prejudice? • Negative attitudes • Negative evaluations & feelings • E.g., Evaluations: They are bad… • Feelings: I hate.. • Stephan & Stephan 02 • Compare w/Human Rights doc definitions • Racism vs. prejudice has notion of power • Sociologically based

  15. What are stereotypes • Associating members of certain groups with certain characteristics • E.g., Perceived to be alike in some way (i.e. have similar traits) • E.g., Most Asians are “smart”, “geeky”, “have similar eye size” • Can be positive or negative • Can be true/false of group &/ individual • Implications for functionality Stephan & Stephan 02

  16. What are not stereotypes • Discrimination • Behavior vs. thoughts • Psychologically demonstrated characteristics • e.g., collectivism • Asians score higher (in general) on collectivism, • Any single Asian may not score higher than a non-Asian on collectivism • Scores on collectivism can be reliably measured • Scores on collectivism are related to important other characteristics

  17. Prejudice Negative Feelings Negative Thoughts Negative Associations Stereotypes Positive Associations

  18. Today’s learning • A brief history of visible minority groups in Canada • Paper topic: What role does understanding the history of VM groups play in diversity mgt? • What will be the nature of Canada’s population? • Compare & contrast the concepts of • Race • Stereotyping • Prejudice • Discrimination

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