1. Gait

2. objective • Definition of the gait • Anatomical aspect of normal gait • To understand basic physiology of the gait • To understand the normal gait • Abnormal gait in relation of anatomical abnormalities • Study of each joint, bone muscle and nerve involved in the gait. • Review some common causes of gait abnormalities.

3. definition • The maintenance of an upright posture and act of walking

4. Anatomical aspects of the gait • For normal gait we need normal: • Nervous system : CNS • PNS • MusculSkeletal system: muscle • joint • bone

5. Nervous system • cortex: cerebellum • basal ganglia • Brain stem • Spinal cord • peripheral nerves • NMJ • muscle

6. Abnormal gait in relation of anatomical abnormalities • Cortex: circumduction gait, Apraxic gait • Spinal cord: scissoring gait • Peripheral nerves: motor fiber foot drop,high step gait • sensory fiber:sensory ataxia • NMJ: waddling gait • Muscle: waddling gait • Basal ganglia: short step gait, Shuffling gait • Cerebellum: cerebellar ataxia,Tandem gait • Joint and bone: Limping gait

7. Review some common causes of gait abnormalities • Cortex: stroke • Spinal cord :trauma, compression • PN: DM,drugs • NMJ: mysthenia gravis • Muscle: polymyocities • Joint: arthritis • Bone :fracture

8. References • Neurological exam made easy • Bradley text book