Walter Schneider

1. Efficient 21st century digital Library ResearchWithin the University of PittsburghUsing the Pitt Digital Libraries, EndNote, & Science Citation Index Walter Schneider • Reference Pitt Digital Reference Retrieval • Endnote Reference Managing • Adding Citations to Manuscript From EndNote in Word • Science Citation Search and importing SCI date to EndNote • Importing EndNote Libraries • Summary Comments Note: these materials are specific to operation at the University of Pittsburgh.

2. Using the Current Scientific Literature Major Source of current knowledge • What are the benefits and problems with • Google (Google & Google Scholar) • Wikipedia • Library books • Text books • Scientific literature • What does it mean to be “peer reviewed” • Typically 3 experts decide if methods appropriate and results substantial and meaningful • Contrast other sources

3. Literature Search Process • Challenge • Searching through 10,000+ references to find the ten critical ones • Note that scientific literature is vast Example Psych Info Search: • 77,814 Attention • 41,926 and PY>1990 (pub year) • 276 and fMRI or (functional MRI) or (functional magnetic resonance imaging) • 23 and ACC or (Anterior cingulate)

4. Be Realistic About Your Search Effort • Learn to use key tools • web catalogue of reviewed scientific literature (e.g. Science Citation Index) • Digital Library http://ug4fn7ck2h.search.serialssolutions.com/ • Reference manager software (Endnote) • Set up a system that you can keep up • Be strategic about filtering references • Remember you need to read materials not just copy them • You need to code information to remember it • Summaries of the material in your words

5. Modern Tools Help • Outstanding search tools • Programs to manage references • Automatic embedding of references • Easy access to digital versions of papers • Don’t forget the pre-digital era (pre 1990).

6. Search is a professional career process • Must cite and use literature • Need to become world expert on specialized topic • Must maintain information throughout career

7. Search is an Iterative Process Literature Search Select Topic Of Interest Consult General Sources (Books, review articles, faculty) Formal Vocabulary, Main Results Consult Abstract Index, Academic Indexes, Search Engines (Psych Info) Pool Of Specific References Use Reference manager program Organize and note pdf Skim/read references Determine which are relevant and what references are often referenced Other References of Citing authors Pool of useful references Reference to Cited authors Check Science Citation Index Read carefully for Research information, Code for retrieval

8. Part 1: Reference Import Pitt WebSPIRS

9. Selecting the Data Base Click – rather than checking

10. Select Search Use of AND OR NOT • Note can make a complex search expression • use (), and, or, not • use “.” to limit search to specific field • use near for terms that must be near each other • (fmri or "functional MRI" or "functional magnetic resonance imaging").ab

11. Combine multiple searches

12. Combine searches

13. Display searches

14. Get Reference

15. Save File Under Search NameRename File in Meaningful Form

16. Exporting Record for Import EndNote • I recommend AGAINST looking at references in Data Base because I can not annotate the search that way • Recommend output from Data Base to reference management program

17. Output Records For In EndNote

18. Example Full Reference Author Title Abstract Refences Web Link

19. Copy into work EndNote file

20. Getting All Reference From Author Use author (AU) and in (institution) and you get few misses and false alarms. Note: you can build an Endnote database well this way.

21. Review Part 1: Reference Pitt WebSPIRS Reference Retrieval • You can use library services to search for articles • Use complex search functions to make the search more targeted • You can save PDFs at this time • Make sure you rename files in useful form • You can save search history for import to reference management software • Recommend rapid export to reference management software

22. Part 2: Reference Managing (EndNote, Reference Manager) EndNote version 10 bibliographic software is available to University students at a cost of $5.00. Students can pick up copies of EndNote at Software Licensing Services, 105 Bellefield Hall between 8:30 AM and 5:00 PM, Monday through Friday. Students must present a valid student ID. Cash, personal check, MasterCard and Visa are accepted for payment. http://www.refman.com/rmdemo.asp Download a free trial online.

23. Creating an InputWork File • It is a good practice to do your initial importing and processing in a work file and after all you changes for the session are done import to the final file. • Recommended .enl files: • InputWork – work for that days session • ProjectFile – reference search for a particularly project potentially over months. • PersonalCumulative - reference history merging of project files on some basis

24. Loading File Into EndNote

25. Resulting Imported References

26. End Note References, Display, Record

27. Read Abstracts and Highlight • In EndNote you can use bolding (Ctrl-B) to highlight phrases in the abstract. • This allows a quick method of identifying the major points for later reference. • The highlighting is saved in the EndNote file speeding later review.

28. Get Full Text Via EndNote • Double Click reference • Scroll to URL field • Click on Science Direct Link

29. Get Full Text Via EndNote • Double Click reference • Scroll to URL field • Click on Science Direct Link • Click on reference retrieval • Get PDF reference • Save/Rename PDF file

30. Label Search • It is important to label the references as you import them. • Suggested labels • Search date and project – identifies context in which found • Relevant/IGNORE – allows selection of items • Note importing references to ignore enables using the discard duplicates options to quickly filter out references from future searches. • Priority of the reference to the nature of your search • Keywords that you might later use to retrieve the reference

31. Label Search For Search Project • Take all inserted references and label them • Use the Change and Move Fields option to update all the selected references • Pick a field to store search selection options (e.g., Custom 1) and put in search identification.

32. Set References To IGNOREBased on Checking Title and Abstract • Goal remove from view references that are not of interest. Note there are 2 ways to do this • Delete references – This removes references reducing the library size but if import reference from other searches they may be deleted many times • Label as IGNORE or Relevant allowing later searchers to discard duplicate IGNORES or Relevants • Look at the reference titles and abstracts and select items for action • Click to select items to be hidden • Use the references to hide the selected items (do this or often such as each page).

33. Label Remaining Records Relevant

34. Label Unselected References IGNORE Select Not Relevant Change Field Custom 1 to IGNORE

35. Prioritize the References As you read the Abstract, enter keywords, get PDF

36. Enable Display of Fields For Sorting

37. Sorting References for Review • Sort by: • Author • Priority • Journal

38. Searching ReferencesSimple search And, Or, Not

39. Complex Search • EndNote does NOT support parenthetical complex Boolean search terms. They can be created by use of multiple searches of the showing references • Example search: (DLPFC or (frontal cortex)) and attention search data base DLPFC or frontal cortex search showing references attention

40. Outputting High Priority References • Search Label > 5 • Export to spreadsheet, html, or document

41. Setting and Using Keywords • Select the keywords • Add words to terms list • Use terms/check red for allowed term

42. Importing From Working .enl • Working on a working bibliography • Mark the bibliography • Import using EndNote import, remove duplicates

43. ReviewPart 2: Reference Managing • Remember you are building references for the extensive library research • Get some reference management software (e.g. Endnote for $5). • Set up reference to import WebSPIRS Files • Work on “working library”, not “full library” • Label records as to the search • Highlight abstract/add keywords & notes • Save PDFs as needed if want to check

44. Part 3: Adding Citations to Manuscripts From EndNote in Word Note: this assumes EndNote was installed on the machine and added the EndNote menu options to Word.

45. Word Processing Set the Format

46. Insert a Reference

47. Resulting Reference Citation After second reference is Inserted. Note: you can copy the references to the proper place in the manuscript.

48. Review Part 3: Adding Citations to Manuscripts • Use Endnote to find and insert references • Try not to type references but rather import them as much as possible • Do NOT alter citation fields on references • Select reference type.

49. Part 4: Science Citation Search http://isi4.isiknowledge.com/portal.cgi?DestApp=WOS&Func=Frame Note: the works from computers on the pitt.edu network

50. Part 4. Science Citation Search