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Virginia Driver Education

Virginia Driver Education. Module Three. Vision, Vehicle Balance and Laws of Nature. BELL RINGER List 5 reasons for car collisions – 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Virginia Department of Education. Module Three. Vision, Vehicle Balance and Laws of Nature Topic 1 Starting, Securing and Exiting

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Virginia Driver Education

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  1. Virginia Driver Education Module Three Vision, Vehicle Balance and Laws of Nature

  2. BELL RINGER List 5 reasons for car collisions – 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

  3. VirginiaDepartment of Education Module Three Vision, Vehicle Balance and Laws of Nature Topic 1Starting, Securing and Exiting Topic 2Vision and Driving Topic 3Steering and Braking Topic 4Laws of Nature Topic 5Establishing Vehicle Reference Points

  4. Number the following starting tasks in order: ___Right foot on brake pedal, heel on floor ___Check/set park brake (P) and place ___Left foot on “dead pedal” for balance ___Key in ignition, and turn toward start ___Check alert, warning lights and gauges ___Turn headlights on ___Adjust ventilation, accessories, etc

  5. Topic 1 - Starting Tasks • Check/set park brake (P) and place • Right foot on brake pedal, heel on floor • Left foot on “dead pedal” for balance • Key in ignition, and turn toward start • Check alert, warning lights and gauges • Adjust ventilation, accessories, etc • Turn headlights on

  6. Number securing the vehicle in order: ______ Stop & set parking brake ______ Shift gear selector to P (park) ______ Close windows ______ Unfasten occupant restraints ______ Find legal & safe parking place ______ Turn ignition switch to off ______ Lock ignition switch and remove key ______ Turn off accessories

  7. Securing the Vehicle • Find a legal, safe parking place • Stop and set parking brake • Shift gear selector to (P)ark (Shift to Reverse if Manual Transmission) • Close windows • Turn off accessories • Turn ignition switch to “off” • Lock ignition switch and remove key • Unfasten occupant restraints

  8. Number the following for Exiting the Vehicle: • _____Monitor door swing into adjacent lane • or when parked next to another vehicle • ___ Check traffic flow to rear prior to • opening door • ___ Exit quickly to avoid conflict with • traffic • ___ Walk toward rear of the vehicle facing • traffic • ___ Lock doors

  9. Exiting the Vehicle • Check traffic flow to rear prior to opening door • Monitor door swing into adjacent lane or when parked next to another vehicle • Exit quickly to avoid conflict with traffic • Lock doors • Walk toward rear of the vehicle facing traffic

  10. Topic 2 - Vision and Driving • Drivers base about 90% of all driving decisions on what they see, and 10% on what they hear or feel • Drivers must be able to look far enough ahead to make good decisions about speed, lane position, signs, signals, markings, and potential hazards • Drivers must be able to see near and far--close enough to read the speedometer, and far enough ahead to see/adjust for hazards

  11. Drivers base about ___%of all driving decisions on what they see, and ___% on what they hear or feel. Why? List -

  12. Visual Testing Visual acuity is the measurement of the finest details which can be seen in optimal light conditions

  13. Effective Use of Visual Fields The Three Visual Fields • Fovea Vision • Visual Lead, Targeting, Signs, Signals • Central • Referencing, Path of Travel • Peripheral Vision • Motion and Color Changes

  14. The Fovea Vision Area Located at the center of the central vision area, the fovea is a small part of the retina and is responsible for our highest visual acuity

  15. Central Vision Central Vision Area (Inner Fringe) An area 35 to 38 degrees around foveal vision used for: • Referencing Vehicle Position to Roadway • Viewing Path of Travel

  16. Central Vision at Night • The human eye’s field of vision is much smaller without the help of natural light • Depth perception, visual acuity, and color recognition are all compromised at night • Minimize glare by looking at the bottom right of the road to avoid approaching headlights • Keep it dark in the car • Slow down to give yourself longer to react

  17. Peripheral Vision Approximately 90of vision to each side Increases total field of vision to about 180-190and is used to see: • Objects to the side • Movement and color changes to the side

  18. Peripheral Vision and the Driving Task Drivers use peripheral vision to: • See color and object movement • See signal changes, road signs, warning lights on the dashboard • Monitor traffic • Stay within the lane

  19. What would dramatically reduce your peripheral vision? Examples -

  20. Night Time Peripheral Vision • Is reduced dramatically due to lack of light to retina and glare • While Foveal and Central Vision are also reduced, they become more critical for searching for problems

  21. What are the 3 vision fields and how would you use each one? Review the 3 with a partner

  22. What can affect your vision? List some examples -

  23. Vision is Affected by • Smoke • Age • Dirty Windshield • Poor Windshield Wipers • Poor night vision • Night Blindness • Speed • Fatigue • Drugs • Poor weather • Darkness • Glare • Inattention

  24. What happens when your depth perception is not correct?

  25. Depth Perception • Need both eyes to judge the distance between two objects • Depth perception allows you to: • judge gaps in traffic when turning, merging, or passing • judge distance when approaching a vehicle or obstruction

  26. Poor Depth Perception • Stop too far from the stop line or intersection • Stop too close to vehicles ahead • Move into gaps that are too small • Look for gaps that are larger than needed to perform a maneuver • Follow other vehicles at unsafe following distance • Hit parked cars when parking • Have “close calls” when entering traffic, passing, etc.

  27. What happens to your vision when you increase your speed?

  28. As speed increases • Central vision decreases and blurs • Peripheral vision decreases • Changes in steering exaggerate vehicle movement VISION FIELDS NARROW

  29. How can you improve your vision fields?

  30. Ways to Improve the Vision Fields • Clean windows—inside and out • Clean lights—be sure they work • Check defroster and wiper blades • Remove any objects that interfere with vision • Adjust mirrors properly • Keep sunglasses, flashlight, windshield scraper in vehicle

  31. Line of Sight • Line-of-sight is the distance you can see in your path of travel

  32. Name some things that can block your line of sight?

  33. Line-of-Sight (LOS) Restrictions • Vision is blocked, speed and position adjustments may be needed until LOS is restored

  34. Path-of-Travel (POT) • The space the vehicle will occupy while traveling to the target area

  35. Name some things that can block your path of travel?

  36. Examples of Path-of-Travel Restrictions • Space is not available for the vehicle Vehicle stopped or blocking intersection Narrow lane and no shoulder

  37. “Target” Far Ahead in the Path of Travel Identify the target in this driver’s path of travel A “Target” is an object or place far ahead in the center of your path of travel

  38. Target AREA Provides the BIG Picture The Target area is the area drivers must scan to the left and right of the target Why would you want to target this area? Target Area

  39. Advantages of Targeting • Easier to track vehicle in a straight line • Driver looks far ahead of the vehicle, and at the same time gathers information close to the vehicle • Driver can plan ahead to better manage risks • Targeting develops visual skills essential for managing traction loss and steering control

  40. The Pavement Around Your Vehicle You Cannot See From the Driver’s Seat The driver cannot see anything on the ground in the area outlined above—cars are used to show the size of this area

  41. Determining Driver Blind Areas Marker (foot or cone) FOOTPRINT

  42. Using Lane Position to Maximize LOS 1 • Select the lane position that gives you the best line of sight and safest path of travel • Lane positions are based upon an average lane size of 12-feet wide, and a vehicle 6-feet wide 2 3 4 5

  43. Lane Position 1 2-3 Feet 2-3 Feet Positioned in the center of lane with an equal buffer of space on either side

  44. Lane Position 2 3-6 Inches Allows for 6 feet of space to the right of the vehicle. Used to prepare for a left turn or when avoiding a problem to the right of the vehicle.

  45. Lane Position 3 3-6 Inches Allows for 6 feet of space to the left of the vehicle. Used to prepare for a right turn or when avoiding a problem to the left of the vehicle.

  46. Lane Positions 4 and 5 4 5 Lane positions 4 and 5 – straddling the line to avoid a problem within a lane

  47. Topic 3 - Basic Maneuvers -- Steering • Holding the upper half of the wheel can result in excessive steering, air bag injuries, and upper body fatigue • Hands located on lower half of the • wheel offers: • Relaxed, balanced control • Reduces unwanted steering wheel movement • Improves stability by lowering the body’s center of gravity

  48. Hand-to-Hand/Push-Pull Steering Hand-to-Hand Steering/Push-Pull Right Turn Left Hand Pushes Up from 8 to 11 Right Turn Right Hand Pulls Down from 1 to 4

  49. Hand-Over-Hand Steering Used at Speeds below 15 mph Used for slow, tight turns - Arms cross on the top 1/3 of the wheel until desired path of travel is reached Left Turn/left hand Left hand pulls down, then reaches up to about theo’clock position and continues to pull 11-12 down to the left Left Turn/right hand Right Hand pushes up to about the 11 o’clock position

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