The Nano Scale of Things

1. The Nano Scale of Things FNI 1B

2. Why nano? The nanometer scale is where the sciences come together: Physics Biology Chemistry New properties begin to emerge at the nanoscale. FNI 1B

3. Metric System is made up of: • Basic units • Metric Prefixes • Derived units FNI 1B

4. Metric System FNI 1B

5. Metric Prefixes FNI 1B

6. Common Metric System Units • centimeter, cm • millimeter, mm • kilometer, km • kilogram, kg • cubic centimeter, cc FNI 1B

7. 100 cm 1 m 1 m 100 cm Unit Factor Conversion 100 cm = 1 m Every equality gives two conversion factors written as fractions. FNI 1B

8. 100 cm 1 m 1 m 1 m 100 cm 100 cm Unit Factor Conversion Choose the factor that will cancel the original units. 200 cm = ? m 200 cm x = m FNI 1B

9. 109 nm 1 m 1 m 109 nm Unit Factor Conversion Unit factor conversion is the method used to convert from one set of units to another. To convert from one to another we need a “unit factor”, something equal to 1. 1 m = 109 nm This results in two conversion factors written as fractions: and http://blowers.chee.arizona.edu/cooking/units.html FNI 1B

10. Scientific Notation 2.998 x 108 m/s Scientific notation is written as a product of a decimal number and a power of 10. Scientific notation will have one non-zero digit to the left of the decimal point. FNI 1B

11. Scientific Constants Speed of Light c = 2.998 x 108 m/s Planck’s constant h = 6.626068 x 10-34 m2kg/s Boltzmann’s constant kB = 1.3807 x 10-23 J/K Gas constant R = 8.3145 J/(mol K) FNI 1B

12. Measurements -57.8 kcal/mol Three parts to a measurement: Value -57.8 Magnitude combined with units k Units kcal/mol FNI 1B

13. Display Registers Turns on the calculator Clears the last number entered All clear – clears calculation Multiplication Digits 0-9 Division Subtraction Addition Tells what number your calculations equals. FNI 1B Decimal Point

14. Log10 and antilog10 Don’t confuse this with scientific notation Square and Square root button Natural log and anti log (Euler’s constant) Used to get the yellow functions Trig functions Easy fraction button Exponentiation button Don’t confuse with scientific notation Changes the sign Memory recall and store Parentheses control priority Close parentheses and invert button Used to enter scientific notation Sometimes EE FNI 1B

15. Calculator PracticeUse the EE/EXP button Do with EE or EXP 5 x 102 = 10 x 103 = 1 x 103 = 2 x 10-3 = 103 = 103 x 101 = Do with 10x button 5 x 102 = 10 x 103 = 1 x 103 = 2 x 10-3 = 103 = 103 x 101 = You should get the same answers FNI 1B

16. Common Unit Conversions used in Nanoscience 1 m = 100 cm 1 m = 1,000 mm 1 m = 1,000,000 μm = 106μm 1 m = 1,000,000,000 nm = 109 nm 1 m = 10,000,000,000 Å = 1010Å 1 cm = 107 nm 1 cm = 108 Å 1 mm = 1,000 μm 1 μm = 1,000 nm 1 μm = 10,000 Å FNI 1B

17. Reading a Vernier Scale FNI 1B

18. http://www.sc.doe.gov/bes/Scale_of_Things_07OCT03.pdf FNI 1B

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20. Example Magnification = 100 X Feature size = 10 cm What is the actual size in cm? What is the actual size in m? What is the actual size in microns? FNI 1B

21. Unit Factor Conversion Examples: Convert 650 nm to μm Convert 20 nm to angstroms Convert 2000 Å to μm FNI 1B

22. Scale of Things Lab http://www.cellsalive.com/howbig.htm FNI 1B

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