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Muscular System

Muscular System. Origin, Insertion, Action. Muscles of the Scalp. Occipitofrontalis Frontal Belly Occipital Belly. Frontalis. O: Galea aponeurotica I: Skin of eyebrows A: Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin. Occipitalis. O: Occipital Bone I: Galea aponeurotica

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System Origin, Insertion, Action

  2. Muscles of the Scalp • Occipitofrontalis • Frontal Belly • Occipital Belly

  3. Frontalis • O: Galea aponeurotica • I: Skin of eyebrows • A: Raises eyebrows, wrinkles forehead skin

  4. Occipitalis • O: Occipital Bone • I: Galea aponeurotica • A: Pulls scalp posterior

  5. Muscles of Facial Expression

  6. Orbicularis Occuli • O: Frontal and Maxillary bones • I: Tissue of eyelid • A: Blinking, squinting

  7. Orbicularis Oris • O: Maxilla and Mandible • I: Encircles mouth, angles of mouth • A: Closes lips, purses and protrudes lips (kissing and whistling)

  8. Muscles of Mastication

  9. Masseter • O: Zygomatic arch and maxilla • I: Mandible • A: Closes jaw by elevating mandible

  10. Temporalis • O: Temporal fossa • I: Coronoid process of mandible • A: Closes jaw (elevates and retracts mandible)

  11. Buccinator • O: Maxilla and mandible • I: Orbicularis oris • A: Compresses cheek (whistling and sucking), holds food between teeth (during chewing)

  12. Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat (Swallowing) • Digastric • All of the muscles that attach to the hyoid

  13. Digastric • O: Mandible and mastoid process • I: Hyoid bone • A: Elevate hyoid during speech and swallowing, • Open mouth and depress mandible

  14. Anterolateral Neck Muscles

  15. Sternocleidomastoid • O: Sternum and Clavicle • I: Mastoid process of temporal bone • A: B/L – head flexion; unilateral – laterally flex towards and rotates away from itself

  16. Scalenes • O: Transverse processes (anterior) of cervical vertebrae • I: 1st two ribs • A: elevate first two ribs (inspiration), flex and rotate neck

  17. Intrinsic Muscles of the Back

  18. Splenius Capitus • O: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 – T-6 • I: Occipital bone, mastoid process of temporal bone • A: B/L – extend head; unilateral – lateral flex and rotate towards

  19. Splenius Cervicis • O: Ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7 – T-6 • I: Transverse Processes of C2 – C4 • A: B/L – extend neck; unilateral – lateral flex and rotate towards

  20. Erector Spinae (Sacrospinalis) • Iliocostalis (Most lateral) • Longissimus (Intermediate) • Spinalis (Most medial)

  21. Iliocostalis • O: iliac crest (lumborum); inferior 6 ribs (thoracis); ribs 3 to 6 (cervicis) • I: ribs (lumborum and thoracic); TPs of C6-C4 (cervicis) • A: B/L - Extend spine, posture; unilateral – lateral flex towards

  22. Longissimus • O: TPs of vertebrae • I: Superior TPs and superior ribs; capitis portion inserts on Mastoid process • A: B/L – extend spine; unilateral – laterally flex; capitis portion extends head and rotates towards

  23. Spinalis • O: Spines of upper lumbar and lower thoracic vertebrae • I: Spines of upper thoracic and cervical vertebrae • A: Extends spine, maintains erect posture

  24. Quadratus Lumborum • O: Iliac crest • I: TPs of upper lumbar vetebrae and 12th rib • A: Unilaterally – laterally flexes spine; b/l – extends L-spine

  25. Muscles of the Thorax (Breathing)

  26. External Intercostals • O: Inferior border of rib above • I: Superior border of rib below • A: Pull ribs toward one another, elevate rib cage; INSPIRATION • Fibers run down and anterior

  27. Internal Intercostals • O: Superior border of rib below • I: inferior border of rib above • A: Draw ribs together and depress rib cage; EXPIRATION • Fibers run down and posterior

  28. Diaphragm • O: Inferior surface of rib cage and sternum, costal cartilages, lumbar vertebrae • I: Central tendon • A: Flattens on contraction; Prime mover of Inspiration

  29. Muscles of the Anterior and Lateral Abdominal Wall

  30. Rectus Abdominus • O: Pubic crest and symphysis • I: Xiphoid process and costal cartilages ribs 5-7 • A: Flex and rotate lumbar region, stabilize pelvis during walking

  31. External Oblique • O: Outer surfaces of lower eight ribs • I: Linea alba • A: B/L – aid in trunk flexion; unilateral – trunk rotation and lateral flexion

  32. Internal Oblique • O: Lumbar fascia, iliac crest • I: linea alba, pubic crest, costal margin last 3 – 4 ribs • A: B/L – aid in trunk flexion; unilateral – trunk rotation and lateral flexion

  33. Transverse Abdominus • O: Inguinal ligament, lumbar fascia, cartilage of last 6 ribs, iliac crest • I: Linea alba, pubic crest • A: Compresses abdominal contents

  34. Muscles of the Anterior Thorax

  35. Pectoralis Minor • O: Anterior surface of ribs 3-5 • I: Coracoid process of scapula • A: Ribs fixed – draws scapula forward and down; scapula fixed – draws rib cage superior

  36. Muscles of the Posterior Thorax

  37. Trapezius • O: Occipital bone, ligamentum nuchae, spines from C7 to T12 • I: Acromion and spine of scapula, lateral 1/3 of clavicle • A: Superior – elevates scapula; middle – retract (adduct) scapula; inferior – depress scapula

  38. Levator Scapulae • O: Transverse processes of C1 – C4 • I: Medial border of scapula (superior to spine) • A: Elevates / adducts scapula, laterally flexes neck to same side

  39. Rhomboids • O: Spinous processes of C7 – T5 • I: Medial border of scapula • A: Retract (adduct) scapula, stabilize scapula

  40. Muscles Crossing the Shoulder Joint

  41. Pectoralis Major • O: Sternal end of clavicle, sternum, cartilage ribs 1-6 • I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus • A: Flexes arm, medially rotates arm, adducts arm (climbing, throwing, pushing)

  42. Latissimus Dorsi • O: Fascial connection to spines of T7 – L5, lower 3-4 ribs, iliac crest • I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus • A: Arm extension, arm adductor, medially rotates arm (hammering, swimming)

  43. Deltoid • O: Embraces insertion of trapezius; lateral third of clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula • I: Deltoid tuberosity of humerus • A: Abducts arm; anterior fibers – flexion, medial rot.; posterior fibers – extension, lateral rot.

  44. Rotator Cuff Muscles • SITS • Supraspinatus • Infraspinatus • Teres Minor • Subscapularis

  45. Supraspinatus • O: Supraspinous fossa of scapula • I: Greater tubercle of humerus • A: Stabilizes shoulder joint. Prevents downward dislocation. Initiates shoulder abduction.

  46. Infraspinatus • O: Infraspinous fossa of scapula • I: Greater tubercle of humerus posterior to supraspinatus insertion • A: Holds head of humerus in glenoid cavity, shoulder stabilization

  47. Teres Minor • O: Lateral border of scapula (dorsal surface) • I: Greater tubercle of humerus inferior to infraspinatus insertion • A: Stabilize shoulder, adducts arm

  48. Subscapularis • O: Subscapular fossa of scapula • I: Lesser tubercle of humerus • A: Medial rotation of humerus, stabilizes shoulder joint

  49. Teres Major • O: Inferior angle of scapula • I: Intertubercular sulcus of humerus • A: Extends, medially rotates, and adducts humerus

  50. Coracobrachialis • O: Coracoid process of scapula • I: Medial humerus • A: Flexion and adduction of humerus

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