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Igneous Rocks

Igneous Rocks. From lava or magma Can be either extrusive (formed on Earth’s surface, from lava) Or intrusive (formed inside of the Earth’s surface, from magma). 1. Granite. Intrusive (inside the Earth) Light colored High quartz content. 2. Gabbro. Intrusive (inside the Earth)

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Igneous Rocks

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  1. Igneous Rocks From lava or magma Can be either extrusive (formed on Earth’s surface, from lava) Or intrusive (formed inside of the Earth’s surface, from magma)

  2. 1. Granite • Intrusive (inside the Earth) • Light colored • High quartz content

  3. 2. Gabbro • Intrusive (inside the Earth) • Dark colored • Lower silica content

  4. 3. Rhyolite • Extrusive • Light colored (pinkish) • High quartz content

  5. 4. Basalt • Extrusive • Dark colored • Lower silica

  6. 5. Felsite • Extrusive • Light colored (light gray or whitish) • High in quartz

  7. 6. Pumice • Extrusive • “Fluffy” rock • Will float in water (until it gets water-logged)

  8. 7. Obsidian • Extrusive • Volcanic glass • Was used for arrowheads

  9. Sedimentary Rocks Formed from sediment Can be either clastic (from little pieces) Chemical (settled from water) Or Organic/Biochemical (from living things)

  10. 1. Conglomerate • Clastic • Contains larger rounded clasts (parts)

  11. 2. Sandstone • Clastic • Contains sand-sized grains

  12. 3. Shale • Clastic – although it doesn’t look like it • Made from mud or silt

  13. 4. Rock Salt • Chemical • Forms from the evaporation of water from salty oceans or lakes

  14. 5. Chert (or flint) • Chemical • Forms from the growth of silicon dioxide crystals

  15. 6 & 7. Limestone • Chemical or Biochemical • Formed from precipitation of calcium carbonate from water (chemical) • OR from the accumulation of shells, corals, and alga material

  16. 8. Coal • Biochemical • Formed from the accumulation of plant material, usually in a swampy environment

  17. Metamorphic Rocks Changed Rocks Can be either foliated or non-foliated

  18. 1. Marble • Non-foliated (not stripe-y) • Made from limestone (calcium carbonate)

  19. 2. Quartzite • Non-foliated • Made from sandstone (mostly quartz)

  20. 3. Amphibolite • Non-foliated • Made of amphibole and plagioclase, very little quartz

  21. 4. Slate • Foliated (has “layers”…like an onion…) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=x2m_hwDlntw • Made from shale

  22. 5. Phyllite • Foliated • Made of fine grained mica • Usually lustrous

  23. 6. Gneiss • Foliated • Has lots of quartz and feldspar

  24. 7. Schist • Foliated • Contains mica, which allows it to split often

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