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Transforming Gender Dynamics in Global Value Chains: The Supermarket Influence

This research explores how supermarkets are reshaping gender dynamics within global value chains (GVCs). It analyzes the role of women's increasing presence as consumers and producers, examining opportunities and challenges that arise from this transformation. Key topics include the economic and social upgrading/downgrading experienced by women within GVCs, the gendered division of labor, and how civil society can advocate for gender equity. This study emphasizes the importance of women's skills in value creation, capture, and distribution in the context of modern retail.

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Transforming Gender Dynamics in Global Value Chains: The Supermarket Influence

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  1. How Are Supermarkets Transforming Gender Nexus? Stephanie Barrientos University of Manchester s.barrientos@manchester.ac.uk www.bwpi.manchester.ac.uk/research/researchprogrammes/ workingoutofpoverty/

  2. Overview • Gender & Global Value Chains (GVCs) • Consumption • Production • Gender GVC Analysis • Social & Economic Upgrading/ Downgrading • Promoting Gender Equity in GVCs

  3. Changing gender dynamics: Consumption & Production • Consumer Node: • Rising Female Employment • Women key consumer group • Producer Node • Opportunities and Challenges

  4. Top Global Retailers (Grocery) 2010 (Financial Times) • Walmart : • Gross Revenue > GNP of 120 countries • China’s 8th largest trading Partner • Global Value Chains: • 60-80% of world trade (OECD/WTO/UNCTAD 2013)

  5. Simplified Global Value Chain & Gender GVC Governance Standards Smallholders/ Labour Labour Labour Labour Civil Society (GUFs/NGOs) Advocacy/Campaigns

  6. Gender Transformation in Global Value Chains • Gendered Division of Labour • Productive vs. Reproductive • Gendered Value Creation, Capture and Distribution • Women’s work ‘commercialised’ (value creation) • Women’s skills critical to quality (value capture) • Women’s skills (socially) under remunerated (economic rents and distribution) • Gendered societal embeddednessof GVCs

  7. Value Capture in GVCs Civil Society Advocacy and Campaigns

  8. Economic and Social Upgrading/Downgrading in GVCs • Source: Bernhardt and Milberg, 2011

  9. Economic and Partial Social Upgrading - Flowers

  10. Mixed outcomes: South Africa Fruit

  11. Cooking fires Economic and social downgrading: Cocoa Drying cocoa beans in the village

  12. Social Governance Private Governance Skills Communities Public Governance? www.capturingthegains.org

  13. Promoting Gender Equity in Global Value Chains • Companies • Supermarkets/retailers • Manufacturers/traders • Civil society • Government • Donors and Multi-lateral organisations • Researchers

  14. www.capturingthegains.orgwww.bwpi.manchester.ac.uk/research

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