1 / 74

Reproduction

Reproduction. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION. Many aquatic (water) animals like fish & amphibians (frogs & toads). Terrestrial (land) organisms like insects, mammals , reptiles. Egg and sperm (gametes) fuse inside the moist female reproductive tract – more protected!.

gailramirez
Télécharger la présentation

Reproduction

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Reproduction

  2. SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Many aquatic (water) animals like fish & amphibians (frogs & toads) Terrestrial (land) organisms like insects, mammals, reptiles Egg and sperm (gametes) fuse inside the moist female reproductive tract – more protected! Egg and sperm (gametes) fuse outside the female’s body Mostly on land Mostly in water

  3. Most fish and amphibians Birds and Reptiles Offspring develops in an egg outside the female’s body Offspring develops in an egg outside the female’s body video Humans, bears, canines, cats, rabbits, mice, etc Kangaroos, koalas, etc Offspring is born underdeveloped and continues its development in a pouch An umbilical cord carries nutrients and oxygen to offspring throughout its development

  4. The Human Reproductive System Life Process: Reproduction (not necessary for the individual’s survival, but for the species survival!) Functionsof the MALE system: • Secrete fluids that nourish and protect sperm from the acidic female reproductive tract! • Produce sperm! • Produce testosterone! Functionsof the FEMALE system: • Provide a location for the implantation and development of a zygote & fetus • Produce eggs, estrogen and progesterone • Produce a placenta and umbilical cord!

  5. VIDEO Produces an alkaline (basic) substance to neutralize the female’s acidic reproductive tract VIDEO 2 Where sperm obtain their ability to swim Urinary Bladder Seminal Vesicle Prostate Carries urine and semen out of the body - Urethra Penis Rectum Adaptation for internal fertilization on land! Releases mucus / produces semen Epididymis Bulbourethral Gland/ Cowper’s Gland testis Scrotum – temp is 1-3 degrees lower than body temp Vas deferens Sperm fully mature and are stored here Carries sperm to the penis

  6. - Site of fertilization, egg travels down this tube to the uterus OVARY – Contains follicles which mature into eggs, produces estrogen FALLOPIAN TUBE (OVIDUCT) BLADDER UTERUS – lining thickens each month to support a zygote, site of implantation and development of the fetus! Produces the placenta and umbilical cord! URETHRA RECTUM VAGINA CERVIX - Entryway to the uterus - Sperm are deposited here during sexual reproduction

  7. VIDEO

  8. Uterine lining is shed (the “period”) The follicle containing the egg is stimulated to enlarge & mature A mature egg is released into the fallopian tube from the ovary The empty follicle becomes the “corpus luteum” (“yellow body”) and releases progesterone to thicken uterine lining)

  9. Mor – Mass • Ula – small one • Gastru – stomach cavity • Zygous – yoked • Blast – hollow • Cleav – break or separate • Endo – inner • Meso – middle • Ecto - outer

  10. Cleavage begins Zygote Fertilization IMPLANTATION OVULATION OVARY

  11. Fertilization – Sperm and egg fuse to form a zygote in the fallopian tube • Implantation – after a few days, the embryo imbeds itself in the uterine wall, stimulating the placenta to develop • Gastrulation – the three germ layers form: • Endoderm – innermost: Digestive Tract, Respiratory System, Glands • Ectoderm – outermost: skin, hair, nails, brain / nervous system • Mesoderm – middle layer: Bones, cartilage, circulatory system, excretory system, muscle, gonads Differentiation – Stem cells begin to specialize into specific cells/tissues

  12. HOLLOW Fertilized Egg (ZYGOTE) MORULA (Cleavage = Cells divide) BLASTULA Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm Early GASTRULA Late GASTRULA DIFFERENTIATION – When cells begin to become different from one another & specialize their functions

  13. Fertilization and Early Development ACROSOME BODY Tail Fiber Flagella MITOCHONDRIA HEAD (Contains DNA) OVUM (EGG) VIDEO 1 VIDEO 2

  14. Twinning Identical Twins: • 1 sperm fertilizes 1 egg, which later separates (genetically identical) Fraternal Twins: • 2 separate eggs are fertilized by 2 separate sperm (offspring NOT genetically identical) Conjoined Twins, Abby & Brittany Hensel

  15. Umbilical Cord Connects the developing fetus to the placenta Placenta Connects the umbilical cord to the uterine wall to allow nutrient uptake, waste elimination, and gas exchange with fetus Mother and baby’s blood DO NOT mix! Exchange occurs through diffusion! Amniotic Fluid fluid that protects fetus from shock, important for proper development of limbs and lungs Mucus Plug Cervix Vagina

  16. Time Lapse Mother Belly • Baby Born still inside amnion

  17. In Vitro Fertilization • Egg and sperm fuse outside the female, in a lab, and the embryo(s) are transferred to the uterus. • Ted Ed Video • Animation

  18. Surrogacy • In general, the cost for gestational surrogacy (including all agency fees, attorneys’ fees, screening and surrogate fees, and medical and insurance costs) ranges from around $100,000 to $150,000, depending the program chosen. • New York statutes declare surrogate-parenting contracts to be void and unenforceable Video

  19. Factors That Affect Prenatal Development • Insidermedicine In Depth - February 9, 2010 - Fetal Growth – YouTube • The fetus may be exposed to many environmental factors that DIFFUSE across the placenta • MUTAGENS like asbestos, x-rays, or formaldehyde can cause mutations in the developing fetus! • Alcohol, drugs & cigarette smoke can cause premature birth, low birth weight, and high risk for SIDS as well! Body Snatchers

  20. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Explanation

  21. Birth Animation • Woman in Labor • Newborn!

  22. Secret Reproduction Questions • Can a male get two women pregnant in the same night? / Can you have babies with more than 2 people? • It is possible for a female to have multiples who have been fathered by different people if she has sex with multiple people within the same 2 or 3 days, and only if she produces multiple eggs per month

  23. Secret Reproduction Questions • Can you recommend a good Planned Parenthood? • 540 Fulton AvenueHempstead(516) 750-2500 • 35 Carmans RoadMassapequa(516) 750-2500

  24. Secret Reproduction Questions • How is milk produced? • Milk is a modified sweat gland with multiple openings. Prolactin from the brain enables the glands to convert protein and fat into milk • Can an individual breastfeed anyone? • Breast milk from one individual can be given to any baby, however some viruses may be transmitted through breastmilk. Breast milk can also be donated

  25. Secret Reproduction Questions • Does sexual position change the process of pregnancy? • There is no research to indicate this phenomenon • Does a condom guarantee no baby? • It is possible for a condom to break. Also, condoms expire and should be treated accordingly. Condoms should always be used, even if a second form of birth control is being used!!!!

  26. Secret Reproduction Questions • What is testicular cancer? • Most types of testicular cancer develop in the sperm-producing cells known as germ cells, About half of testicular cancers occur in men between the ages of 20 and 34 Can you have a baby via anal sex? • NO! What determines the size of the penis? Genetics

  27. The Events of Human Development 1. Sperm and egg /ovum join in the oviduct/fallopian tube: FERTILIZATION 2. The fertilized egg is called a ZYGOTE 3. The zygote moves down the fallopian tube toward the uterus and divides many times: CLEAVAGE 4. With in the next 2 weeks, the zygote will become an EMBRYO, and continue to divide 5. The embryo implants itself into the uterine lining and GASTRULATES (hollows out) 6. The embryo starts to form distinctive specialized layers, beginning the process of DIFFERENTIATION & GROWTH

  28. 7. The embryo develops its umbilical cord and PLACENTA, where DIFFUSION of nutrients and wastes between mother and fetus occurs 8. During GESTATION (time in the womb), the fetus is protected from shock by the fluid-filled AMNION. 9. As the fetus grows larger, it may be exposed to many environmental factors that DIFFUSE across the placenta 10. MUTAGENS like asbestos, x-rays, or formaldehyde can cause mutations in the developing fetus! 11. Other toxic materials like alcohol and cigarette smoke can cause birth defects and low birth weight as well!

  29. Structure of a Flower BrainPOP | Pollination • The flower is a specialized structure for sexual reproduction • Attracts pollinators!!

  30. Filament – supports the anther Anther – Produces pollen grains/sperm Ovary – fertilization occurs here, contains ovules, develops into the FRUIT!! Style – carries pollen to the ovary Stigma – receives pollen (sticky) Petal – brightly colored to attract pollinators Sepals – support the petals STAMEN PISTIL Filament Anther Stigma Ovary Style Petals Sepals Calyx Stem

  31. Maple Copters - YouTube

  32. REVIEW QUESTIONS!! Characterized by a permanent ending of the menstrual cycle Menopause

  33. The outermost germ layer of an embryo Ectoderm

  34. Three accessory glands that produce semen/prepare sperm to leave body Cowper’s (bulbourethral) Prostate Seminal Vesicle

More Related