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MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WORK ANIMALS & FOOD ANIMALS

MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WORK ANIMALS & FOOD ANIMALS. WORK: Pulling/pushing carts, wagons, ploughs, turntables, machinery, etc. Carrying loads, people Guarding sheep, homes Pest control Guiding people, animals Companionship Performing Breed improvement. FOOD: Meat

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MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WORK ANIMALS & FOOD ANIMALS

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  1. MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN WORK ANIMALS & FOOD ANIMALS

  2. WORK: Pulling/pushing carts, wagons, ploughs, turntables, machinery, etc. Carrying loads, people Guarding sheep, homes Pest control Guiding people, animals Companionship Performing Breed improvement FOOD: Meat Milk & other dairy Eggs Honey Blood Bonemeal Gelatin OTHER ANIMAL PRODUCTS: Manure, Leather, Fibre, Feathers

  3. SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTURE • 81% of sampled farms belong to communal sector, 12% to the emerging sector and 7% to large scale commercial enterprises. Land ownership predominantly communal (85.2%) with only 7.8% of the farmers owning their property (Scholtz et al. 2008). • Main reason for keeping cattle in the communal sector is “for meat and cash (47% of use). Keeping cattle for milk accounted for only 10% of use, and draft power for 4%” (Scholtz et al. 2008) • Tractors not worthwhile on less than 100 ha (farmers in NW Province – Jones & Hanekom 1997) • Demand for donkeys growing (Starkey et al 1995; Starkey 1997; Limpopo Province – Maroge et al 2004; Jones 2007)

  4. SOUTH AFRICAN AGRICULTUREIMPLICATIONS Most meat provided by cattle Most work done by donkeys

  5. BREEDINGtraits for selection

  6. VALUE calculations

  7. BUYING & SELLINGconsiderations

  8. REARING & SUPERVISIONimportant human inputs

  9. THEFT & IDENTIFICATIONalive & dead

  10. USE OF ENVIRONMENToptimal

  11. DONKEYSspecifically compared with cattle • Donkeys can be expected to work up to 40 yrs (Berry et al 1989) • Donkeys much easier to train • Donkeys have different speeds for different work (Betzer & Kutzbach 1991) • Donkeys can cover distances at the same speed as oxen (Ebenezer 1991) • Donkeys more efficient at carrying and pulling (Dijkman 1991) • Donkey ⅓ weight of ox produces same speed and ⅔ power(Ebenezer 1991) • Donkeys use far less energy than cattle(Smith et al 1994)& good at regulating heat; use little energy walking and working over long distances for long hours(Yousef 1991) • Donkey drinks ~10 litres/day,cattle ~30 litres/day (Fall et al 1997) • Donkeys more efficient at digestion(Tisserand et al 1991) • Donkey grazes 3-4 km2 in poor environments (French 1989) • Donkey eats per day 6 kg food, of which 1 kg needs to have high carbohydrate and protein (McCarthy 1989);small working zebu requires ~14 kg food, of which 6 kg needs to be high in carbohydrates and protein(Smith 1991) • Donkeys generally resistant to rabies (Gebreab 1997) & many other diseases of cattle, including trypanosomiasis. • Donkeys do not suffer from foot and mouth disease

  12. ADDITIONAL POINTS AND INFORMATION GRATEFULLY RECEIVED ! Please contact:

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