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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CELLULAR RESPIRATION. How Cells Release Energy. Cellular Respiration. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration. Aerobic Cellular Respiration. 1. Glycolysis. 1. Glycolysis. 2. Fermentation. 3. Krebs Cycle. 4. Electron Transport System. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration. 1. Glycolysis.

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CELLULAR RESPIRATION

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  1. CELLULAR RESPIRATION How Cells Release Energy

  2. Cellular Respiration Anaerobic Cellular Respiration Aerobic Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis 1. Glycolysis 2. Fermentation 3. Krebs Cycle 4. Electron Transport System

  3. Anaerobic Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis 2. Fermentation

  4. Glycolysis • (Sugar Splitting) Takes place in the cytoplasm of all cells C6H12O6 Glucose 2 ADP 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 NADH Pyruvate Pyruvate

  5. 2. Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Pyruvate 2 NADH 2 NAD+ Alcohol CO2 + The Significance of fermentation is to regenerate NAD+ from NADH for its continuous role in glycolysis

  6. 2. Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Pyruvate 2 NADH 2 NAD+ Lactic acid The Significance of fermentation is to regenerate NAD+ from NADH for its continuous role in glycolysis

  7. Fermentation does NOT produce additional ATP The Significance of fermentation is to regenerate NAD+ from NADH for its continuous role in glycolysis During anaerobic cellular respiration only 2 ATP are produced from one initial glucose molecule

  8. Aerobic Cellular Respiration 1. Glycolysis 3. Krebs Cycle: Step a 3. Krebs Cycle 3. Krebs Cycle: Step b 4. Electron Transport System

  9. Glycolysis • (Sugar Splitting) Takes place in the cytoplasm of all cells C6H12O6 Glucose 2 ADP 2 ATP 2 NAD+ 2 NADH Pyruvate Pyruvate

  10. The output of Glycolysis is: 2 ATP 2 NADH

  11. The 2 pyruvates produced by glycolysis in the cytoplasm are transported into the mitochondrion to continue aerobic cellular respiration in Krebs cycle

  12. 3. Krebs Cycle Takes place in the mitochondrion Step a 1 CO2 1 NADH 1stpyruvate Acetyl group + CoA CoA Acetyl-CoA

  13. 3. Krebs Cycle Takes place in the mitochondrion Step a 1 CO2 1 NADH 2nd pyruvate Acetyl group + CoA CoA Acetyl-CoA

  14. The output of Krebs Cycle step a is: 2 CO2 2 NADH

  15. 3. Krebs Cycle CoA + Step b 1st Acetyl-CoA 2 CO2 4-C- compound 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 6-C-Compound

  16. 3. Krebs Cycle CoA + Step b 2nd Acetyl-CoA 2 CO2 4-C- compound 1 ATP 3 NADH 1 FADH2 6-C-Compound

  17. The output of Krebs Cycle step b is: 2 ATP 4 CO2 6 NADH 2 FADH2

  18. The output of Krebs Cycle step a is: 2 CO2 2 NADH The output of Krebs Cycle step b is: 2 ATP 4 CO2 6 NADH 2 FADH2 The output of Krebs Cycle both steps is: 2 ATP 6 CO2 8 NADH 2 FADH2

  19. GLYCOLYSIS 2 ATP 2 NADH Krebs Cycle: 2 ATP 6 CO2 8 NADH 2 FADH2 4 ATP can be used for cellular work 6 CO2 are released Raw materials for electron transport system: 10 NADH 2 FADH2 Summary of energy harvest

  20. An Overview of the Electron Transport System

  21. The Electron Transport System 1. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to the first protein in the electron transport system (ETS).  2. Electrons pass from energy carrier to the next.  3. With each transfer, energy is released 4. This energy is used to pump hydrogen ions into the outer compartment of the mitochondrion.

  22. 5. Hydrogen ions build up in the outer compartment (higher concentration of H+ in the outer compartment than in the matrix).

  23. 6. Hydrogen ions flow back across the membrane through an enzyme (ATP synthase) that synthesizes ATP 7. The last protein in the ETS finally passes electrons to oxygen along with hydrogen ions, generatingwater.

  24. The Electron Transport System

  25. Electron Transport System Most of ATP is produced during ETS ETS produces 32 ATP

  26. The Overall Equation of CR C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 ATP + Heat

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