Get your brain ready to WORK OUT!

1. Get your brain ready to WORK OUT! Freshman A English GRAMMAR BOOT CAMP! PART ONE: IND vs. DCW (slides 1-13)

2. INDEPENDENT CLAUSE = IND INDEPENDENT CLAUSE = COMPLETE SENTENCE SUBJECT +PREDICATE=COMPLETE SENTENCE NOUN + VERB (+ OBJECT+ RECEIVER) =INDEPENDENT Wheaton North is the best high school. The Falcons have the most spirit. Wheaton is a diverse city. American history has been created by diverse stories.

3. DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE TYPE #1: DCW starting with one of these words: after, although, as, before, even though, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while Examples for TYPE #1: Since I am a teacher = DCW BecauseFalcons are so cool = DCW Even though Wheaton is a suburb of Chicago = DCW

4. DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE TYPE #2: DCW starting with verbs. Knowing that I am an avid reader = DCW Enjoying a good book on a sunny day = DCW Reading literature about the world = DCW Completed SOAPSTone for English class = DCW

5. DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE TYPE #3: Non-essentials Our class, the best class ever, won the Falcon spirit award! Wheaton North fans, the loudest fans of them all, stormed the football field. Chicago’s baseball fans, the most energetic, stormed U.S. Cellular, formerly known as Comiskey Park.

6. DEPENDENT CLAUSES, PHRASES, FRAGMENTS, WORDS = DCW DCW = NOT A COMPLETE SENTENCE TYPE #4: DCW that are select transition words: consequently, clearly, furthermore, in addition, moreover, also, however, on the other hand, nevertheless, on the contrary Clearly, Wheaton has changed over the last century. Nevertheless, Wheaton still maintains historic elements from the past.

7. Practice #1: IND or DCW? • Wheaton North has a reputation for having great students. • Because we all have identities • While we research world religions • We are learning advanced reading and writing skills. • Chicago has a long history of social inequality. • Knowing my homework is good for me. • Nevertheless • The loudest fans ever

8. Practice #1: IND or DCW? • IND • DCW • DCW • IND • IND • DCW • DCW • DCW

9. GOLDEN RULES: SEPARATE IND vs DCW (1) IND, FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) IND Coordinating conjunctions: FANBOYS (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so) Wheaton North rules, and WWS students are ok too. We are studying about different cultural practices, and we are learning how to be good readers and writers. Your Example: _____________________________________ (2) IND, DCW I went to a WWS game, knowing I am a Wheaton North fan. I cheered on the WWS team, even though I am a Wheaton North fan. WWS was playing a Naperville team. Your Example: ______________________________________

10. GOLDEN RULES: SEPARATE IND vs DCW (3) IND1, DCW, IND1 Chicago, the Windy City, is a fantastic city. Your Example: ___________________________ (4) DCW, IND Even though I have limited understanding of sports, I still enjoy the fan culture. Your Example: ___________________________

11. GOLDEN RULES: SEPARATE IND vs DCW Type #5: IND FANBOYS (coordinating conjunctions) DCW Wheaton North students are ready to learn and become future leaders. Your Example: ___________________________

12. Practice #2: Fix These!Make each a complete sentence. Be creative! (1) The best city. (2) Because we all have identities (3) While we research world religions (4) reading and writing skills. (5) the effects of social inequality. (6) Knowing my homework is good for me. (7) However (8) The loudest fans ever

13. Practice #2: Fix These! • Trade with a partner. • Partners: For each sentence, underline IND and circle DCW • Put a ? Mark for sentences that do not follow the GOLDEN RULE! • Return to your partner.

14. Get your brain ready to WORK OUT! Freshman A English GRAMMAR BOOT CAMP! Part Two Semi-colons, colons, other commas, active voice (slides 14-29)

15. GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCW THE SEMI-COLON Rule #1: IND1;IND2. Tris struggles to challenge her post apocalyptic society; this is an example of her attempt to break the cycle . Rule #2: IND1; DCW,IND2. We have been working hard; however, we still have much to learn. NEW IND

16. Practice #3: Semi-Colons Directions: First, underline all the IND and circle all the DCW, if there are any. Some of these sentences need semi-colons. Add semi-colons as necessary. For sentences with no mistakes, write NO CHANGE. • We learned how to use MLA format however, we could still use some practice. • Tris attempts to break the cycle of her society she knows there will be grave consequences. • We will be writing perfect paragraphs; our claims will focus on how characters break the cycle. • Katniss in The Hunger Games is the protagonist; Aibeleen is the protagonist of The Help.

17. Practice #3: Semi-Colons • We learned how to use MLA format; however, we could still use some practice. • Tris’s attempts to break the cycle of her society; she knows there will be grave consequences. • We will be writing perfect paragraphs; our claims will focus on how characters break the cycle. • Katniss in The Hunger Games is the protagonist; Aibeleen is the protagonist of The Help.

18. GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCW COLON IND: DCW Rule #1: Use a colon before a DCW that is a list. • A colon is needed before these phrases: these are, there are, the following, as follows, such as , these things. • Ex: We are annotating for the following: essential questions, imagery-evoking syntax, and long versus short sentences. Rule #2: Use a colon before a DCW that is an explanation of the IND. • Ex: There is one golden rule: separate IND and DCW. • Ex: Mildred has one interest: the characters on her TV shows.

19. GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCW COLON Rule #3: (Exception to IND:DCW) Use a colon before a long, formal quotation The narrator described Montag’s fire hose as he incinerates a house full of books: “With the brass nozzle in his fists, with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded in his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history” (Montag 1).

20. Practice #4: Colons Directions: First, underline all the IND and circle all the DCW, if there are any. Some of these sentences need colons. Add colons as necessary. For sentences with no mistakes, write NO CHANGE. • Karen Armstrong described her definition of religions “A call to change human behavior” (Armstrong). • I recall one of the most controversial issues in human civilization: religion. • We have learned the following annotating for SOAPSToneD, writing with MLA format, and grammar. • I am going to one of my favorite places in the city The Art Institute Museum. • I plan on reading the following Fahrenheit 451, MacBeth, and other classics.

21. Practice #4: Colons Directions: First, underline all the IND and circle all the DCW, if there are any. Some of these sentences need colons. Add colons as necessary. For sentences with no mistakes, write NO CHANGE. • Karen Armstrong described her definition of religions: “A call to change human behavior” (Armstrong). • I recall one of the most controversial issues in human civilization: religion. NO CHANGE • We have learned the following: annotating for SOAPSToneD, writing with MLA format, and grammar. • I am going to one of my favorite places in the city: The Art Institute Museum. • I plan on reading the following: Fahrenheit 451, MacBeth, and other classics.

22. GOLDEN RULE: SEPARATE IND vs DCW OTHER COMMA USAGE Rule #1: Use a comma after every item in a series except the last. The items in a series may be single words, or phrases, or clauses. Ex: We have read about the following: different world religious structures, different cultural practices, and different belief systems. Rule #2:When two or more adjectives come before a noun, use a comma after each adjective except the last one. Ex: We might describe our own homes as comfortable, valuable places.

23. Practice #5: Other Comma Usage Rule #1:Use a comma after every item in a series except the last. The items in a series may be single words, or phrases, or clauses. Your Example: ___________________________ Rule #2:When two or more adjectives come before a noun, use a comma after each adjective except the last one. Your Example:___________________________

24. Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following sentence using the correct answer. Without really knowing the content of the books the firemen burnt the house down. • NO CHANGE • books with the firemen • books, the firemen • booking the firemen

25. Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following sentence using the correct answer. Montag knew Beatty could kill Faber Montag chose to burn his problem. • NO CHANGE • Faber, Montag • Faber; Montag • Faber, Montag,

26. Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following sentence using the correct answer. Beatty may have been a father figure to Montag before Montag chose to break the cycle however Faber is now a father figure for Montag, the rebel and fugitive. • NO CHANGE • the cycle however Faber • the cycle; however Faber • the cycle; however, Faber • the cycle, however, Faber

27. Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following sentence using the correct answer. • NO CHANGE • Beatty, Montag’s fire, captain was • Beatty Montag’s fire captain, is • Beatty, Montag’s fire captain, is Beatty, Montag’s fire captain is ironically well-read, even though he preaches that reading is dangerous and useless.

28. Directions: Select the most correct choice for the underlined portion. Then, rewrite the following sentence using the correct answer. • NO CHANGE • Socratic Seminars, way of, • Socratic Seminars a method, of • Socratic Seminar, a method of Our class has been doing a great job participating in Socratic Seminars a method of discussion that Aristotle once used in ancient Greece!

29. Active Voice • form of "to be" + past participle = passive voice • Need help deciding whether a sentence is passive? Ask yourself whether there is an action going on in the sentence. If so, what is at the front of the sentence? Is it the person or thing that does the action? Or is it the person or thing that has the action done to it? Just switch the word order! • The metropolis has been scorched by the dragon's fiery breath. • The dragon scorched the metropolis with his fiery breath.

30. Get your brain ready to WORK OUT! Freshman A English GRAMMAR BOOT CAMP! Part Three Simple Grammar and Punctuation (slides 30-32 )

31. Punctuation (at the end of a sentence) • Period . • Full stop, complete thought • Many other uses • Exclamation Point ! • Interjection, excitement, emotion, high volume • Don’t over use • Question Mark ? • Interrogative sentence or phrase

32. Odds and Ends • Ellipsis … • Omission, unfinished thought, nervousness • Capitalization • Proper nouns • Beginning of sentences • Seasons, Directions, Mr., etc.

33. Get your brain ready to WORK OUT! Freshman A English GRAMMAR BOOT CAMP! Part Four: Dash, Hyphens, Parentheses, Apostrophes (Plural vs. Possessive), Brackets (slides 33-50)

34. Rule #1: Contractions • I shouldn’t use contractions in my formal essays. • Rule #2: Indicate Singular Possessive • Ex: Connor’s birds; Jesse’s computer; the cat’s hat • Rule # 3:Plural Possessive • Ex: The students’ essays; the cats’ hats; The Joneses’ party Apostrophes

35. Rule # 4: Special Plural • For the most part, do not use apostrophe’s in regular plural words. Use apostrophes in these cases • Words used as words • Ex: You used too many “yet’s” in your perfect paragraph. -Alphabet Ex:My name has two f’s and two e’s. Apostrophes

36. POSSESSIVE NOUNS: USE APOSTROPHES • Apostrophe Rule #1: add 's to the singular form of the word (even if it ends in -s):  The zoo’s animals are wild. • Apostrophe Rule #2: add 's to the plural forms that do not end in -s:  The geese’s honking is loud. • Apostrophe Rule #3: add ' to the end of plural nouns that end in -s:  Three friends’ letters arrived in the mail. • Apostrophe Rule #4: add 's to the last noun to show joint possession of an object:  Mrs. Delacruz and Ms. Guzdziol’s room is pretty.

37. DIAGNOSTIC: Make corrections for each of the following: 1) INCORRECT: Is this anybodys book? CORRECT: ______________2) INCORRECT: Who's dog is this?CORRECT: ______________3) INCORRECT: The group made it's decision.CORRECT: ______________ 4) INCORRECT: The geeses’ honks are loud. CORRECT: ______________

38. DIAGNOSTIC: Make corrections for each of the following: CORRECT: Is this anybody's book? CORRECT: Whose dog is this? CORRECT: The group made its decision. CORRECT: The geese’s honks are loud.

39. PRACTICE: MAKE YOUR OWN • Apostrophe Rule #1: add 's to the singular form of the word (even if it ends in -s): ________________________________________________________ • Apostrophe Rule #2: add 's to the plural forms that do not end in -s: ________________________________________________________ • Apostrophe Rule #3: add ' to the end of plural nouns that end in -s: ________________________________________________________ • Apostrophe Rule #4: add 's to the last noun to show joint possession of an object: ________________________________________________________

40. Dashes add emphasis. • Dashes make sentences stronger or more interesting than conjunctions. Dashes

41. Rule #1: Use a dash to link two parts of a sentence. Okay • “Come to class on time because it’s the rule.” • ^Conjunctions are too boring. Students will show up late. Better • “Come to class on time - it’s the rule.” • ^Whoa! Students will be so impressed and intimated by dash usage that they show up on time every single day. Dashes

42. Rule #2 – Use dashes to emphasize non essential information or parenthetical expressions. -Ex: We have been learning grammar–my favorite subject–for the past week. Rule #3 – Use a dash to set off a long appositive or an appositive with lots of commas. Okay -I love Extreme Trampoline, a largewarehouse in Carol Stream with dangerous, bouncy trampolines. Better – I love Extreme Trampoline – a largewarehouse in Carol Stream with dangerous, bouncy trampolines. Dashes

43. Rule #4: Use a dash to sum up a list or idea. • Ex: Red, white, and blue – those are the American colors. • Rule #5: Use a dash in dialogue to show hesitation or a break in the flow of a sentence. • Ex: Last Wednesday – no, it was the one before – you were free to do as you pleased. Dashes

44. Rule #1: Compound Words • There is no specific rule – consult a dictionary! • Ex: Vice-president, self-awareness, X-ray • Rule # 2: With Prefixes • all-, co-, ex-, half-, great-, numbers and capital letters • Ex: All-knowing, co-author, ex-convict, half-life, great- uncle, 10-yards, T-Shirt • Rule # 3: Dates • 11-19-1988 • ^I expect gifts.. Hyphens

45. Rule # 4: Compound Numbers from 21-99 • Ex: twenty-three, one hundred and sixty-two. • Rule #5: Fractions as Adjectives/Adverbs • The recipe called for one-half gallon of eggnog. • Rule #6: Scores • We won the game 88-62 • Rule #7: Compound Adjectives • Not long ago you were eighth-grade students • Rule #8: Instead of “through” • Read pages 1-234 for tomorrow Hyphens

46. Use italics or underlining for names of books, magazines, newspapers, movies, operas, plays, and other large works. • Ex: The New York Times The Phantom of the Opera The Wizard of Oz Titles

47. Use quotation marks for the names of songs, poems, magazine articles, newspaper articles, short stories, chapters of books, and other small works. • Ex: Song: “Like a Rolling Stone” Article: “Student Appreciates Amazing Grammar PowerPoint” Titles

48. Rule #1: Set off parenthetical expressions (by the way information) from the rest of the sentence. • Ex: John Lennon (1940-1980) was the most gifted songwriter in The Beatles. • Nobody (except his mother) can sit next to him because of his foul stench. • I paid 10 euros (about $8) for a Big Mac. (Parentheses)

49. Use brackets for Clarity • Often used when quoting another source • “Everybody wants the greatest teacher of all time [Miss Martin] as their English teacher” • “They [ants] are taking over my apartment. I am powerless to stop them” • “Read [chapters] 1-3 for homework tonight.” Brackets

50. Congratulations! You survived grammar boot camp! Who has two thumbs and knows you will do great on the test? This Teacher!