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Circulation Continued

Circulation Continued. 43.2 Blood. 1. The major function of blood: a. Transport nutrients & oxygen b.  Remove Carbon Dioxide & nitrogenous wastes c. Transfer body heat d. Defend against disease. VII. Composition of Blood.

garth-bullock
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Circulation Continued

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  1. Circulation Continued

  2. 43.2 Blood 1. The major function of blood: a. Transport nutrients & oxygen b. Remove Carbon Dioxide & nitrogenous wastes c. Transfer body heat d. Defend against disease

  3. VII. Composition of Blood • Blood is composed of a liquid called plasma and blood solids. plasma Blood Solid

  4. BLOOD SOLIDS • 2. Blood solids consist of: • a.  Erythrocytes (red blood cells) • b. Leukocytes (white blood cells) • c. Platelets

  5. Composition of Blood 3. Plasma makes up 55 percent of the blood, and blood solids make up the remaining 45percent.

  6. Blood Components Centrifuge

  7. VIII. Plasma 1. Plasma is a sticky, straw-colored fluid that is about 90 percent water. 2. Substances carried in the plasma that nourish the cells include: a. Vitamins b.  Minerals c. Amino acids d.  Glucose e.  Hormones

  8. Plasma 3. Plasma also carries wastes from the cells to the kidneyor lungs to be removed from the body. 4. An important protein carried in plasma is fibrinogen. Fibrinogen are essential for the formation of blood clots (coagulation).

  9. Plasma 5. Other proteins in plasma like serum globulins include antibodies that help the body fight off diseases.

  10. IX. Erythrocytes • 1. Erythrocytes(red blood cells) are vital to survival of the cells in all parts of the body because they transport oxygen.

  11. HEMOGLOBIN • 2. Erythrocytes are formed in the red marrow of bones, and formed with the RBCs is an iron-protein called hemoglobin. 3.Hemoglobin is what actually transports the oxygen.

  12. Erythrocytes • 4. During formation of RBCs , its nucleusand organelles disintegrate. So the mature RBC is really just a membrane sac containing hemoglobin. • 5. Do you know what iron deficiency in humans is called? Anemia

  13. Life Span of a RBC • 6. Because RBCs do not have a nuclei, they cannot repair themselves and therefore can only live for about 90-120days.

  14. Dead Erythrocytes • 7. Dead RBCs are removed from the body by the liver and spleen. • 8. Do you know what makes your feces its unique color?It is full of dead RBC membranes.

  15. Erythrocytes

  16. X. Leukocytes 1. The blood cells that defend the body against diseases are called leukocytes or white blood cells. Why do you think they are called white blood cells? Because most are transparent.

  17. Leukocytes • 2.  WBC’s are formed in: a.  Red bone marrow b.  Lymph c. Spleen • 4. WBCs are larger than RBCs, are irregularly shaped, and lessplentiful than RBCs, and some may live for years.

  18. BASOPHIL Allergies NEUTROPHIL Bacterial infections, phagocyte EOSINOPHIL Worms MONOCYTEPhagocyte LYMPHOCYTE Produce antibodies

  19. Leukocytes • 5. Some WBCs are phagocytes - engulf invading microorganisms. • 6. Other WBCs produce antibodies - destroy foreign substances. • 7. What happens to the number of WBCs when you have a cold or infection? They increase.

  20. mast cells NK cells eosinophils neutrophils basophils B lymphocytes (mature in bone marrow) T lymphocytes (mature in thymus) forerunners of the white blood cells (leukocytes) stem cells that multiply and differentiate in bone marrow monocytes (immature phagocytes dendritic cells mature macrophages megakaryocytes

  21. XI. Platelets • 1.  Platelets (thrombocytes) are fragments of very large cells that were formed in the marrow. They lack a nucleus and only last about 7 to 11days. • 2.  Platelets are essential in formation a blood clot, a mass of interwoven fibers & blood cells that prevents excess loss of blood from a cut or injury.

  22. Platelets 3. Why do you want your blood to clot after an injury? To prevent excessiveblood loss.

  23. 4.The steps to coagulation: a. Platelets float in the blood b. Platelets disintegrate and release thromboplastin c.This reacts with calcium to form thrombin d.Thrombin changes fibrinogen to fibrin e Fibrin are the thin threads that block the RBCs. You then get a clot and this is called a scab.

  24. XII. Blood Types • 1.  The blood carries antigens, which can stimulate the production of antibodies. • 2.  The three important antigens are A,B, and Rh. • 3.  The A-B-O system of blood typing is based on the A and Bantigens.

  25. XIII. A-B-O System 1.The A-B-O system is what we use to classify blood. It is based on what type of antigen is located on the surface of the erythrocyte (rbc).

  26. Blood Types 2.A person RBC’s may carry an Aantigen, a B antigen, both A and B, or no antigens at all. Respectively called A, B, AB, and O.

  27. A-B-O System • 3. If a transfusion is performed on an individual who has A type blood, and the donor has B type blood, what will happen to the person receiving the blood? The recipient’s body will start to attack the B blood because it considers it foreign. So the antibodies in the A blood attack the antigens in the B blood, and cause the blood to clump (agglutination-causes blood to clump and can block the blood vessels).

  28. A-B-O System 4.What type of blood is the universal recipient? AB 5.What type of blood is the universal donor? O

  29. XIV. Rh Factor 1.The Rh factor is another type of blood antigen. 2.Most people have Rh+ blood, which means they carry Rh antigens in their blood. 3.A person without Rh antigens in their blood is said to be Rh-negative (Rh-).

  30. Rh Factor 4. When is it dangerous to have Rh- blood in your body?It is dangerous to pregnant women who have Rh- blood but her unborn 2nd child has Rh+ blood. If during the mother’s first pregnancy, the 1st born child is Rh+, it will cause the mother to develop antibodies to the Rh factor thus attaching the 2nd unborn child. If not treated, the second child will die.

  31. Rh - Rh + Rh+ markers on the red blood cells of a fetus anti-Rh+ antibody molecules any subsequent Rh+ fetus fetus

  32. I Want To Suck Your Blood I’ll see you real soon

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