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PHYSIOLOGY

PHYSIOLOGY. REPRODUCTION. Oogenesis: Egg Cell Formation. Oogonia mitosis ceases before birth At birth: only primary oocytes – suspended in prophase of meiosis I (= prophase I). Oogenesis after Birth:. At puberty: ↑ estrogen initiates ovarian cycle. ovulation.

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PHYSIOLOGY

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  1. PHYSIOLOGY REPRODUCTION

  2. Oogenesis: Egg Cell Formation Oogonia mitosis ceases before birth At birth: only primary oocytes – suspended in prophase of meiosis I (= prophase I)

  3. Oogenesis after Birth: At puberty: ↑ estrogen initiates ovarian cycle ovulation 2nd meiotic division completed after fertilization

  4. Growth and Aging • Puberty (  GnRH) • in girls = menarche • Average 12 y • In boys, later (harder to pinpoint a time) • Menopause • Irregular menstrual periods and cessation • Andropause • Similar drop in androgens

  5. The ampulla, fimbriae, and infundibulum are anatomical features of the • Uterus • Cervix • Vagina • Fallopian tubes

  6. Spermatogenesis • Seminiferous tubules • Sertoli cells: androgen binding protein blood testes barrier etc. • Leydig cells testosterone vs. DHT

  7. On average the process of ovulation occurs every • 2-3 days • 14-15 days • 28-30 days • 8-9 months

  8. Development of the embryo takes place in the tissue layer of the uterus known as the • Perimetrium • Endometrium • Myometrium • Neurometrium

  9. The corpus luteum forms from the • Residual cells of the follicle • Ectoderm and endoderm cells • Ciliated cells of the Fallopian tube • Greater vestibular gland

  10. During days 15-28 of the menstrual cycle • The level of progesterone is lowest • The uterine lining is removed from the body • Ovulation takes place • The corpus luteum secretes progesterone • The corpus luteum secretes estrogen

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  12. Biosynthetic Pathway for Steroid Hormones Theca cells Synthesize androgens Granulosa cells convert androgens to estrogen diffusion

  13. The epithelium cells that produce sperm cells are located in the testes within the • Seminiferous tubules • Vas deferens • Corpus spongiosum • Ampulla • Prostate Gland

  14. The chromosomes of a sperm cell are contained • Within the flagellum • Packed in the head of the cell • Within the acrosome of the cell • In the neck of the sperm cell

  15. Secretions of the seminal vesicle • Are alkaline • Pass into the testes • Are acidic • Contain sperm cells

  16. The general term given to male sex hormones is • Estrogen • Thymosins • Androgens • Prostaglandins • Testosterones

  17. Which of the following hormones controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins? • LH • GnRH • FSH • Testosterone • CRH

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