1. The Skeleton System Starter Name as many bones in the body as you can (work as pairs) THINK / PAIR / SHARE Hint: Think of any you may have broken! : P Pair with the most answers wins! Extension: Which life process (MRS FREG) does the Skeleton System link to?

2. Objectives • Know the role of the skeleton in the body • Know that bones contain minerals • OUTCOMES • In my group I can create a labelled skeleton • I can identify common parts in skeletons (Level 3) • I can state what minerals are found in bones (Level 4) • I can identify and describe the main types of joints in the skeleton (Level 5) • I can explain the job of the skeletal system (Level 6) • STS - I can work effectively within a group

3. The Skeletal System The Skeletal System has three functions, do you know what they are? PROTECTION The skeleton protects important INTERNAL ORGANS. The skull protects the brain and the pelvis protects the reproductive organs. SUPPORT This is the main function of the skeleton - to SUPPORT OUR BODIES. Without a skeleton, what do you think we would look like? MOVEMENT The skeleton helps our bodies to move by a system of JOINTS and by providing a base for MUSCLES TO ATTACH TO.

4. Exercise 1: The Skeleton Cranium Clavicle Humerus Mandible Sternum Ulna Ribs Radius Vertebrae Pelvis In tables create your own skeleton to go on display (Place it in any pose you want, be as crazy as you like : P) Success Criteria Assemble your skeleton correctly (Level 3) Label it using the bones you mentioned in our starter (Level 4) Femur Fibula Tibia

5. Exercise 2: Protection • Complete the table below, stating which part of the skeleton protects which internal organ: • What are the two other functions of the skeleton (apart from protection)? Rib cage Skull Ribcage Spine Pelvis Support and movement

6. X ray Quiz • Write numbers 1-15 at the back of your exercise book and state what the following x rays are of. • Explain in as much detail.

7. 1

8. 2

9. 3

10. 4

11. 5

12. 6

13. 7

14. 8

15. 9

16. 10

17. 11

18. 12

19. 13

20. 14

21. 15

22. Starter - Case Study • What is wrong with this patient? • What could possibly have caused his injury?

23. Joints Where two bones meet is called a JOINT. There are several different types of joint. The difference between the different types being the AMOUNT OF MOVEMENT and the TYPE OF MOVEMENT they allow the bones in the joint to make. Do you know the names for the types of joint? Hinge Do you know what types of movement these joints allow? Try moving different joints in your body. See what types of movement are allowed by the different joints. Ball and socket Fixed Pivot Sliding

24. Exercise 3: Joints • Link the type of joint with the movement it allows and an example of that type of joint. Ball and socket Hinge Fixed None 360° 180° Skull Elbow Hip

25. Exercise 4: The Skeleton • What are the three functions of the skeleton? • Name two organs that the rib cage protects. • What do we call it where two bones meet? • What type of joint is the shoulder joint? • What type of movement does a hinge allow? Support, protection, movement. Heart and lungs. A joint. A ball and socket joint. 180°.

26. Joints 1 The cartilage stops the bones rubbing together. Bone Cartilage Synovial fluid The synovial fluid acts as a lubricant to reduce friction. Synovial capsule The synovial capsule keeps in the synovial fluid. Bone

27. Joints 2 Bone Ligaments Tendons attach muscle to bone. Ligaments attach bone to bone and hold the joint in place. Tendon Muscle

28. Exercise 5: Link the Word with the Description Cartilage Attaches muscle to bone Protects the heart and lungs Rib cage Stops bones rubbing together Synovial fluid Attaches bone to bone Ligament Acts as a lubricant in joints Tendon

29. Exercise 6: Label the Joint Below A. ______ Bone C. _______ Cartilage B. ___________ Synovial fluid D. ______________ Synovial capsule

30. Exercise 7: Friction • What stops the bones rubbing against each other in a joint? • What is the function of synovial fluid? • What stops the synovial fluid leaking away? • What would happen if the cartilage was worn away? Cartilage. Acts as a lubricant. The synovial capsule. The bones would rub together (very painful).

31. Exercise 8: Label the Joint Below • ______ Tendon C. ________ Ligaments Bone D. ______ Muscle B. ___________

32. Exercise 9: Holding Joints in Place • What attaches muscle to bone? • What attaches bone to bone? • What is the function of the ligaments? • What could happen if a ligament was damaged? • What could happen if a tendon was damaged? A tendon. A ligament. To hold a joint in place. The bones would not be held in place, unrestricted movement of the joint could damage ligaments and tendons. It would restrict movement and could damage attached muscle.

33. Exercise 10: Research Homework • How many bones are there in the human body? • What are the smallest bones in the human body? • Which is the largest bone in the human body? • Which mineral is required for good bone growth? 206. The ossicles (in the ear). The femur (thigh bone). Calcium.

34. Muscles Without muscles your skeleton would be unable to move. The problem is that your muscles are only able to CONTRACT. This means that muscles must work in PAIRS if they want to move bones BACK and FORTH. As one muscle in the pair CONTRACTS the other muscle in the pair RELAXES. To lower the arm the biceps relax and the triceps contract. To raise the arm the biceps contract and the triceps relax.

35. Exercise 11: Muscles Muscles are attached to bones by ________. When a muscle ________ this causes the bone to move. Muscles can only contract so muscles often work in ______. To move you lower arm you have two muscles on your upper arm. The biceps and the ______. When muscles work in pairs like this we call them __________ muscles. When the biceps contract this moves your lower arm up; when the triceps contract this moves your lower arm down. tendons contracts pairs triceps antagonistic pairs antagonistic contracts triceps tendons