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The Dual Paths of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois in Early 20th Century America

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This chapter explores the contrasting philosophies of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois in advocating for African American rights and progress. Washington, an ex-slave and founder of the Tuskegee Institute, believed in self-help and vocational training as a path to economic independence and social equality. In contrast, Du Bois, the first African American to earn a PhD from Harvard, challenged Washington's approach, demanding immediate civil rights and higher education for the "talented tenth." Their differing views shaped the African American struggle for equality in a rapidly changing America.

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The Dual Paths of Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Du Bois in Early 20th Century America

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  1. Chapter 25: Odds and Ends

  2. Booker T. Washington • “accomodationist” • Ex-slave • Believed in self-help • Trades • Lifting oneself up by the “bootstraps” • Tuskegee Institute • Education -> Economic independence -> Social equality

  3. W.E.B. DuBois • 1st African American to earn their PhD (Harvard) • Born and raised in Mass. • Demanded economic and social equality • Believed BTW condemned black Americans to a life of manual labor • Helped found the NAACP • “talented tenth”

  4. Education • Increasing number of colleges and universities • Opportunities for men, women and African Americans • Land-grant colleges- • created under the Morrill Act of 1862 and later extended • Federal grant of public land for education • Later became state colleges and universities • (also sea-grant colleges to study sea life)

  5. Yellow Journalism • Sensationalism • Sex and scandal to sell papers • Used newsboys to sell papers • Cheap- “penny press” • Some fiction Joseph Pulitzer New York World William Randolph Hearst New York Journal

  6. Reform • Henry George- Progress and Poverty • 100% tax on property tax (unearned income from increasing property values) • Only affected the “propertied” class • Edward Bellamy- Looking Backward • Utopian socialism • Industrialized society serves the public interest

  7. Changes • New Morality- more freedom for women • Impact: increasing divorce rate, use of birth control measures, open discussions on sex • Urban life difficult for families • Increased divorce rate, married later in life • Everyone worked- downfall of paternal family structure & increase of independent women • Smaller families • Birth control

  8. Reform: Women’s Suffrage • National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) • Elizabeth Cady Stanton & Susan B. Anthony • Carrie Chapman Catt • Argued women needed vote b/c of their role in city affairs- health, urban leagues, schools, etc.. • Did not use equality • Wyoming Territory- 1st to grant suffrage • Nearly every central and western state granted right prior to the 19th amendment

  9. Reform: Prohibition • Middle class fight against working class • Woman’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) • Frances E. Willard • Carrie Nation- “Kansas Cyclone” • Used a hatchet to chop up saloons • Hurt prohibition movement

  10. 18th Amendment: Prohibition 1919

  11. “City Beautiful” • Transform urban spaces • Creation of parks and public spaces • Lighted streets • Boulevards • Olmstead’s Central Park project • Daniel Burnham- World’s Columbian Exposition

  12. Chicago World’s Fair (1893) • Create a DETAILED web of everything you can remember about the fair from your reading of The Devil in the White City • Info on next slide • QUESTION: By the late 1890s Americans believed they were superior and had a “white man’s burden” to christianize and colonize other areas of the globe. What examples from the book illustrate our white superiority? Include pg. #s.

  13. Your web starter:

  14. UPCOMING…. • Chapter 25 Test on Wednesday REVIEW: • Read Chapter 7 in the review book. • Questions 1-10 due on Friday • Quiz online over weekend

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