Presentation Transcript

1. Objective: To examine the causes of the Spanish – American War. The Battleship Maine
2. War With Spain Pan-American Union – a group of nations organized to solve the problems of the Western Hemisphere
3. José Martí- Cuban patriot that wrote about the need for Cuban independence. He died fighting the Spanish in 1895. José Martí - 1875 La Guantanamera, Cuba's most famous song is based upon Jose Martí's poem Versos Sencillos.
4. José Martí - Quotations On Liberty: “Like bones to the human body, the axle to the wheel, the wing to the bird, and the air to the wing, so is liberty the essence of life. Whatever is done without it is imperfect.” On Morality and Human Behavior: “Just as he who gives his life to serve a great idea is admirable, he who avails himself of a great idea to serve his personal hopes of glory and power is abominable, even if he too risks his life. To give one's life is a right only when one gives it unselfishly.”
5. General Valeriano Weyler – Spanish governor of Cuba that used brutal tactics against the Cubans. He was responsible for detaining over 500,000 Cubans and killing over 100,000. * Americans sympathized with the Cuban desire for freedom.
6. Yellow Journalism - Joseph Pulitzer’sWorld and William Randolph Hearst’s Journalcompeted to publish the most grisly stories of Spanish cruelty. (left) Joseph Pulitzer and (right) William Randolph Hearst
7. Examples of Yellow Journalism: bold headlinesand articles
8. · political cartoonsthat portrayed the Spanish as bloodthirsty.
9. · Joseph Pulitzer once stated, “You supply me the photos, I’ll supply you the war.”
10. - President McKinley, however, wanted to avoid war with Spain.
11. Remember the Maine! · President McKinley sent the battleship Maine to Cuba to protect American citizens and property.
12. · An explosion destroyed the Maine killing 260 U.S. sailors.
13. · Spain was accused of destroying the Maine, even though there was no proof! · On April 25, 1898, Congress declared waron Spain.
14. Audio
15. Spanish-American War (1898) The Philippines · Commodore George Dewey defeated the Spanish navy in the Philippines after only six hours of battle. Commodore George Dewey (1837-1917)
16. Brave Dewey and His Men - Audio
17. Objective: To examine the results of the Spanish – American War. U.S. soldiers in a trench near Manila, the Philippines, during the Spanish – American War. (1898)
18. · The Philippine capital, Manila, was captured with the help of Filipino rebels, led by Emilio Aguinaldo.
19. Cuba · Theodore Roosevelt led a volunteer regiment known as the Rough Riders to victory at the battle of San Juan Hill. Col Roosevelt in Rough Rider uniform. October 26, 1898
20. Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders atop San Juan Heights, 1898
21. · Spain surrendered after their fleet was destroyed two days later in Santiago Bay. The torpedo was a new, highly feared weapon system which saw very little use during the war. In spite of all of the amazing claims of its abilities, the Spanish American War saw no vessel on either side sunk through the use of a torpedo. However, at the battle of Santiago, the Spanish cruiser VIZCAYA apparently suffered a torpedo hit, putting the ship out of action.
22. Results of the War "The war of the United States with Spain was very brief. Its results were many, startling, and of world-wide meaning."--Henry Cabot Lodge 1. Cuba was given its independence. 2. The U.S. was given control of the islands of Puerto Rico, Guam and the Philippines. 3. Spain received $20 million dollars.
23. “School Begins” - In the back of the classroom students representing California, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico and Alaska are quietly reading. In the front row are boys representing the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Hawaii looking as if they would rather not be there.
24. “The American Policy” Miss Columbia, teacher at the Liberty School, is ringing a bell. Uncle Sam, switch in hand, is dragging by the ear a Filipino boy in loincloth and amulet. Boys from Hawaii, Cuba, and Puerto Rico are standing around watching.
25. Ruling Cuba, Puerto Rico and the Philippines Ruling Cuba The Teller Amendment gave Cuba their independence in 1899 at the conclusion of the Spanish – American War.
26. · Cuba was forced to sign the Platt Amendment, which: - limited Cuba’s right to make treaties and borrow money - allowed the U.S. to intervene in Cuba - gave the U.S. control of the naval base in Guantanamo Bay
27. Ruling Puerto Rico The Foraker Act of 1900 gave Puerto Ricans their own government. Puerto Ricans were given American citizenship in 1917. Puerto Rico's official flag was adopted in 1952 on the same day that Puerto Rico became a commonwealth. The red symbolizes blood, the white symbolizes individual liberty and rights, and the blue triangle symbolizes the three branches of the republican government (and also the sky and coastal waters of this beautiful Caribbean island).
28. War in the Philippines Filipinos were angry with the U.S. for refusing to grant them independence. Therefore, Emilio Aguinaldo and his troops continued to fight against the U.S. The war ended in 1901 when Aguinaldo was captured. Over 4,000 Americans and 220,000 Filipinos died in the war, including 20,000 Filipino soldiers. The Philippines were finally given their independence in 1946.
29. Objective: To examine the construction of the Panama Canal.
30. Panama Canal France, led by engineer Ferdinand de Lesseps, began construction on the canal in 1881. About $287,000,000 had been spent and 20,000 men had died, mostly of yellow fever and malaria, before the French gave up. Ferdinand de Lesseps
31. President Theodore Roosevelt stated in a speech about the Panama Canal, "No single great material work which remains to be undertaken on this continent is as of such consequence to the American people."
32. Colombia, 1822
33. Colombia refused to grant the U.S. permission to complete the canal project. Therefore, the U.S. encouraged the Panamanian people to revolt against Colombia.
34. 1905 fumigation car eradicating the mosquitoes - Panama City
35. Using mainly black workers from the West Indies, the U.S. finished the canal in 1914. 1909 Arrival of SS. Ancon with 1500 laborers from Barbados  at the Cristobal Port in Colon, Panama 
36. The Panama Canal – Live Cameras TR in Panama(Construction begins in 1904)
37. Objective: To examine the U.S. domination over Latin America.
38. Monroe Doctrine
39. Constable of the World
40. Policing Latin America Roosevelt Corollary claimed the right of the U.S. to intervene in Latin America to preserve law and order extension of the Monroe Doctrine established by Pres. Roosevelt in 1904 * The U.S. used the Roosevelt Corollary frequently, angering Latin American countries.
41. Dollar Diplomacy – President Taft’s policy of encouraging Americans to invest in Latin America U. S. Global Investments &Investments in Latin America, 1914
42. Country Occupied Years Reasons
43. Troubles in Mexico Mexico arrested several U.S. sailors in 1914 and Pres. Wilson sent the navy to occupy Veracruz. "Formal raising of first flag of U.S. / Veracruz 2 P.M. April 27, 1914"
44. Generals Alvaro Obregon, Pancho Villa and John J. Pershing, Ft. Bliss, El Paso, Texas, Aug. 27, 1914.
45. In 1916, Mexican Gen. Pancho Villa killed 18 Americans at the Santa Ysabel massacre and 17 Americans in Columbus, New Mexico.
46. Pancho Villa’s 1916 attack on Columbus, New Mexico
47. After the raid on Columbus, N.M.
48. U.S. General John Pershing was sent to Mexico in an unsuccessful attempt to capture Villa.
49. Statue of Pancho Villa, La Buffa, Mexico
50. Using mainly black workers from the West Indies, the U.S. finished the canal in 1914.