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Understanding Series and Parallel Circuits: Notes and Virtual Lab Activities

This agenda outlines the topics for May 7, focusing on series and parallel circuits. The plan includes reviewing previous notes, completing assignments for chapters 22 and 23, and engaging in a virtual lab. Students will learn to create circuits using one or two batteries and one or two lights, and understand voltage drops and current flow in series and parallel setups. Safety devices like fuses and the impact of short circuits will also be discussed. The homework includes specific problems from the textbook.

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Understanding Series and Parallel Circuits: Notes and Virtual Lab Activities

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  1. Agenda – May 7 • Talk about review • Finish Ch 22 notes • Ch 23 notes • Virtual lab • Monday: Ch 22 and 23 bkwk due and virtual lab due. Take test if not here Wednesday.

  2. Ch. 23 Series and Parallel Circuits

  3. Electric Circuits • Create a circuit with 1 battery and 1 light • Create a circuit with 2 batteries and 1 light • Create a circuit with 2 batteries and 2 lights connected in series • Create a circuit with 2 batteries and two lights in parallel • Create a circuit with 2 batteries and 1 light parallel with 2 in series

  4. Series Circuits • A series circuit is a circuit in which all of the current travels through each device

  5. Series Circuits • Voltage drops / potential difference • The potential difference of the generator is equal to the potential difference across each resistor (lamp)

  6. Series Circuits • Resistance in the circuit is equal to sum of the resistances in each component

  7. Series Circuits • Current in the circuit is equal to the potential difference in the whole circuit divided by the resistance of all of the components

  8. Example • Three 20Ω resistors are connected in series across a 120 V generator. What is the equivalent resistance of the circuit? What is the current in the circuit?

  9. Parallel Circuits • A circuit with several current paths

  10. Parallel Circuits • The voltage through each path is the same • The current can be found through each individual path • The total current is that of all of the paths combined A 6Ω 24Ω 9Ω 120 V 120 V 120 V 120 V

  11. Parallel Circuits • The resistance for the whole parallel circuit will be less than each resistor because each resistor offers an additional path for the current • Equation for finding the total resistance of a parallel circuit

  12. Example • A 120Ω resistor, a 60Ω resistor, and a 40Ω resistor are connected in parallel and placed across a 12 V battery. • What is the equivalent resistance of the parallel circuit? • What is the current through the entire circuit? • What is the current through each branch?

  13. 23.2 Applications of Circuits

  14. Safety Devices • Fuse – • A short piece of metal that melts when the current traveling through it is too large • Short Circuit – • When there is very low resistance in a circuit. This can easily cause fires if there is no fuse or circuit breaker to stop the high levels of current

  15. Example • Two 60Ω resistors are connected in parallel. This parallel arrangement is connected in series with a 30Ω resistor. The combination is then placed across a 120V battery. • Draw a diagram of the circuit. • What is the equivalent resistance of the parallel portion? • What single resistance could replace the three original resistors? • What is the current in the circuit? • What is the voltage drop across the 30Ω resistor? • What is the voltage drop across the parallel portion of the circuit? • What is the current in each branch of the parallel portion of the circuit?

  16. Bkwk • P550: 1, 4, 7, 8, 15, 21, 24, 28, 32

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