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Muscular System

Muscular System. Muscle Diversity Muscle Anatomy of the Human Body Types of Body Movement. Muscular System. Muscle Diversity Muscle Anatomy of the Human Body Types of Body Movement. Overview of Muscle Tissues. Muscle is derived from the Latin word, mus , meaning “little mouse”

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Muscular System

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  1. Muscular System Muscle Diversity Muscle Anatomy of the Human Body Types of Body Movement

  2. Muscular System Muscle Diversity Muscle Anatomy of the Human Body Types of Body Movement

  3. Overview of Muscle Tissues Muscle is derived from the Latin word, mus, meaning “little mouse”  b/c flexing muscles look like mice scurrying beneath the skin.  there are 600+ muscles in a human body. • They are grouped into 3 types : • Skeletal muscle– are muscle fibres that • attach to the body’s skeleton. It helps • form smoother body contour. • Cardiac muscle– are muscle fibres that • form the heart and its chamber walls. • Smooth muscle – are muscle fibres that • form the walls of hollow organs in our • body. Eg. stomach, bladder etc…

  4. Comparison of muscle types Characteristic Skeletal Cardiac Smooth 1. Body location • Attached to bones • or to skin on face • Walls of the heart • Walls of other • hollow organs 2. Cell shape & appearance • single, very long, • cylindrical, striated, • and multinucleate • branching chains • of cells, striated, • and uninucleated • single, fusiform, • no striations, • and uninucleate • involuntary; heart • has pacemaker; NS 3. Regulation of contraction • voluntary; control • via nervous system • involuntary; NS; • hormone, chemicals

  5. Muscle Functions • Producing movement is a common function of ALL muscle types •  muscle contraction and relaxation Skeletal muscle has three (3) additional functions: • Maintaining Posture – skeletal muscles almost continuously making • small adjustment after another we can have an • erected posture despite being pulled by gravity. • Stabilizing Joints– muscle tendons keep joints inplace. • Generating Heat– muscle uses ATP as energy to power • contraction. Much of this escapes as • heat which helps maintaining normal • body temperature.

  6. Muscular System Components Frontalis Orbicularisoculi Orbicularisoris Trapezius Pectoralis major Deltoid Triceps Rectus abdominis Biceps Latissimus Dorsi Brachioradialis Quadriceps Gluteus maximus Biceps femoris Gastrocnemius Tibialis anterior

  7. Mechanics of Body Movements • Body movement occurs when muscles • contract across a joint. •  This means that the type of movement • depends on the mobility/type of joint & • how muscle is attached across that joint. • Every muscle (600+) anchors to 2 ends. •  One is called: origin (on immovable bone) •  Other is called: insertion (movable bone) • When muscle contracts, the insertion moves • toward the origin. Some muscles have • multiple origins and/or insertions. • These combinations increase the • flexibility of body movements.

  8. Types of Body Movement Flexion – a movement that decreases the angle of the joint and bring two bones closer together. Extension – a movement that increases the angle or distance. If it is greater than 180 degree, it is called hyperextension.

  9. Types of Body Movement Rotation – movement of a bone around its longitudinal axis. This normally involves the ball-and-socket joints. Supination & Pronation – rotation at the wrist to palm either facing up or down. Dorsifexion & Plantar flexion – up and down movement of the foot at the ankle.

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