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Learned Behaviour

Learned Behaviour. A result of experience. Classic Conditioning. Pavlov’s Dogs: https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/johnchay/www/cc.htm Classic conditioning – associating an unrelated stimulus with a reaction. 1 st time – no reaction to bell ringing Subsequent times – salivating to sound of bell.

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Learned Behaviour

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  1. Learned Behaviour A result of experience

  2. Classic Conditioning • Pavlov’s Dogs: https://pantherfile.uwm.edu/johnchay/www/cc.htm Classic conditioning – associating an unrelated stimulus with a reaction. 1st time – no reaction to bell ringing Subsequent times – salivating to sound of bell

  3. Operant conditioning • Trial and error learning • Reward follows response SUCCESS!!

  4. Examples of operant conditioning • Rat finds the right button that dispenses food • In addition, if it trips the wrong button, it is shocked

  5. Examples of operant conditioning • Child plays. Studies show that children that are allowed to play freely are better problem solvers as adults. • Parental discipline.

  6. Habituation – ignoring stimuli • We respond to stimuli to keep ourselves alive. If no negative (or positive) effects come from reacting to a stimulus, we learn to “get used to it”, or ignore it. This is HABITUATION.

  7. Habituation examples • Living on a main road, you don’t hear the cars as often as a visitor. • Scarecrow works for a day or two, but crows will return to the spot soon. • My dog, Kevin, no longer gets excited by the word “walkies”, as I’ve overused it to get his attention.

  8. Why habituate? • Often responding to stimuli is time and energy-consuming. • Wasting time and energy if responding to unimportant stimuli

  9. Insight • Applying past experience to solving a new problem • Highly developed in humans – can also use others’ experiences to help us to solve new problems • Again, play and experimentation plays a big part in highly developed problem solving skills

  10. Insight example • Chimp in room, bananas hanging from ceiling • Cannot reach by jumping • Stacks boxes to climb, using past play experiences to solve problem

  11. Imprinting • Recognition of a parent from birth/ hatching. • May be an attachment to the “wrong” parent (eg. Another species, even an inanimate object) • Imprinting is very rapid and lasting learning.

  12. Imprinting – Lorenz’ ducklings • Ducklings form attachment to first moving thing they see • Saw Lorenz first – followed him around • Would follow other humans, but not other ducks.

  13. Lorenz’ ducklings • Would court Lorenz and other humans, but not other ducks. • Identified themselves as the same species as Lorenz

  14. Imprinting in Humans • First bond formation between baby and mother is similar to imprinting. • Transferring of bonds when young (through adoption etc) can be very traumatic for child • In hospitals, parents are now encouraged to spend more time with sick babies, in case the baby bonds with nurses instead of a parent

  15. What do we learn from animal behaviour? • Control of animals – domesticated dogs from wolves. Dog owner must present themselves to be the leader of the pack • Looking after animals, on farms and in veterinary clinics • Predicting some effects of environment change/destruction

  16. Activities Complete table in your book. Glossary: classic conditioning, operant conditioning, habituation, insight, imprinting Quick Check questions pg 362

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