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Understanding the Rock Cycle: Relationships Among Major Rock Groups

The rock cycle explores the dynamic relationships among the three major rock groups: igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic. Igneous rocks form from molten material, either through plutonic (slow cooling) or volcanic (rapid cooling) processes. Sedimentary rocks arise from surface processes such as erosion and deposition of mineral fragments or chemical precipitation. Metamorphic rocks are formed under pressure, temperature, and fluid influences. This cycle connects Earth's internal heat and momentum with surface processes and links to the hydrologic and tectonic cycles.

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Understanding the Rock Cycle: Relationships Among Major Rock Groups

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  1. The Rock Cycle Thinking about relationships among the major rock groups

  2. Major Rock Groups • Igneous • Formed from a melt (molten rock) • Plutonic (intrusive):slow cooling and crystallization • Volcanic (extrusion): quick cooling at the surface • Sedimentary • Formed at the Earth’s surface • Clastic (Mineral Fragments or grains, clays) • Chemical (crystalline chemical/biochemical precipitates) • Metamorphic • Changed by pressure, temperature and fluids.

  3. Fig. 2.9 MAGMA

  4. IGNEOUS Crystallization MAGMA

  5. IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization MAGMA

  6. Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization MAGMA

  7. Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  8. SEDIMENT SEDIMENT Weathering Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  9. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  10. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Crystallization Uplift MAGMA

  11. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Burial Uplift MAGMA

  12. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic Can you see any shortcuts? SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

  13. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

  14. In Conclusion… • The rock cycle demonstrates the relationships among the three major rock groups • It is powered by the interior heat of the Earth • As well as earth’s momentum and… • The energy from the sun • It involves processes on the Earth’s surface as well as the Earth’s interior • It connects the “hydrologic cycle” with the “tectonic cycle”.

  15. Erosion SEDIMENT Weathering Transport Deposition Volcanic IGNEOUS Plutonic SEDIMENTARY Increased P&T METAMORPHIC Crystallization Melting Burial Uplift MAGMA

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