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World War I. Mr. Owen AP – Euro Spring 2010. Causes of the Great War. Nationalism Pride in one’s country Imperialism Stronger nation takes over weaker nation Militarism Military power and keeping an army prepared for war Alliances. Toward Mass Armies and Industrial War.
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World War I Mr. Owen AP – Euro Spring 2010
Causes of the Great War • Nationalism • Pride in one’s country • Imperialism • Stronger nation takes over weaker nation • Militarism • Military power and keeping an army prepared for war • Alliances
Toward Mass Armies and Industrial War • Industrializations effect on War • Weapons • Transportation • Naval Power • Arms-Race • KEYPOINTThe outcome of a protracted war between industrial powers depended less on rifle strength in the first battles than on industrial might and financial stamina.
Assassination in Sarajevo • Gavrilo Princip assassinates Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914
Austria-Hungarian Response • Austria-Hungary issues a 10-Point Ultimatum to Serbia • Serbia accepts all but 1 of the demands • July 28th Austria-Hungary declares war on Serbia • Starts World War I
The Great War • Expectation • Unexpected War • Introduction to Total War
The Alliance System Triple Entente: Triple Alliance:
Two Armed Camps! Allied Powers: Central Powers:
The Major Players: 1914-17 Allied Powers: Central Powers: Nicholas II [Rus] Wilhelm II [Ger] George V [Br] Victor Emmanuel II [It] Enver Pasha[Turkey] Pres. Poincare [Fr] Franz Josef [A-H]
Militarism & Arms Race Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Ger., A-H, It., Fr., Br., Rus.] in millions of £s.
Schlieffen Plan • Why • Plan • Goal
Indecisive Offensives: 1914–1915 • The Break down of the Schlieffen Plan • Overly Calculated • Belgian Resistance • British Support
Indecisive Offensives: 1914–1915 • Initial Strategic Set Back • Westward swing fails • British and French Attack • Result
The Race to the Sea • Allies and Central Powers try to out flank each other
Trench Warfare “No Man’s Land”
Conditions in the Trenches Lice Hunting
The Industrial and Geographic Factors • Strategic Mobility • Use of RR • Immobility • Lack of Transport • Supplies run out • Defenders always faster • Communication
The Industrial and Geographic Factors • Industrial Might • Geographic Factors • Central Powers Advantage • Central Powers Disadvantage
Western Front • Western Front • German failed offensive • Allied goal • 1915 Death toll: • French 1,500,000 • Britain 300,000 • Germany 875,000
Western Front • Battle of Verdun • February 21, 1916 • German Offensive • Characteristics of Fighting • Death toll
Western Front • Battle of Somme • July 1916 • British were ineffective • 60,000 die in one day! • Over 1,000,000 in 5 months • Death Toll
Machine Guns • Defensive Weapons • Trench Warfare • Suppressing fire • Offensive Weapons • Lewis Gun • 600 rounds per minute • 47 round clips • Effective up to 600m Vickers Lewis
