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U.S. Environmental History

U.S. Environmental History. Conservation Vs. Preservation. Frontier Attitude. Lewis & Clark expedition major influence for “conquer and exploit” attitude of new country Economic theory not consider conservation or cleanup costs b/c not a large population to cause enormous costs.

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U.S. Environmental History

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  1. U.S. Environmental History Conservation Vs. Preservation

  2. Frontier Attitude • Lewis & Clark expedition major influence for “conquer and exploit” attitude of new country • Economic theory not consider conservation or cleanup costs b/c not a large population to cause enormous costs

  3. John James Audubon • (1785-1851) • French sea captain son • Sent to Philadelphia to escape service in Napoleon’s army • Dry-goods merchant • Art/birds hobby • Romantic era publishing success

  4. Henry David Thoreau • (1817-1862) • Harvard educated • Teacher • Naturalist • Composed Walden Pond based on naturalist living • Surveyed/made pencils • abolitionist

  5. Ernst Haeckel • (1834-1919) • Physician/professor • Contemporary of Darwin; studied embryology, evolution, populations • Nazi’s distorted his views

  6. John Muir • (1838-1914) • Naturalist, writer • Yosemite/Sequoia Natl. Parks • Founded Sierra Club, natl. conservation organization

  7. Theodore Roosevelt • (1858-1919) • Preservationist/ conservationist • Established USFS • Increased national forests 400%, 21 new w/ 16 million acres • Antiquities Act to save Grand Canyon

  8. Gifford Pinchot • (1865-1946) • 1st. Head of USFS • Managed forests scientifically • Sustainable growth • Today, multiple use managed

  9. Franklin D. Roosevelt • (1882-1945) • President during Great Depression Era • Fed. Govt. Conservation Projects • Established Civilian Conservation Corps • Established Soil Conservation Service

  10. Dust Bowl Storm

  11. Rachel Carson • (1907-1964) • Naturalist/scientist • 1st woman Editor-in-chief of US Fish & Wildlife Publications • Studied interrelationships; ecology • Warned of harmful pesticide effects

  12. Ruth Patrick • (1910s?- ) • Studies diatoms; unicellular algae • Understood link between water quality and diatom presence • Developed ways to assess water quality worldwide • Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.

  13. Variety of Diatoms

  14. Resources • Raven & Berg. 2004. Environment 4th. • http://www.ecotopia.org/ehof • http://www.ucmp.berkeley.edu/history/haeckel.html • http://www.acnatsci.org/learn/whoswho/patrick.html • http://www.fdrlibrary.marist.edu/fdrbio.html

  15. The End

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