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IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

Lecture 8 Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution. This lecture includes the following topics:. Phytoplankton, the main contributor to ocean color: Passive tracer Active growing biomass.

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IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

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  1. Lecture 8 Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  2. This lecture includes the following topics: • Phytoplankton, the main contributor to ocean color: • Passive tracer • Active growing biomass 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea 3. Spring bloom in Southern California Bight resulting from coastal upwelling 4. Stormwater plumes off southern California IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  3. Multi-discipline approach implies that the simultaneous measurements of distribution of phytoplankton and physical environment enable the studies of physical factors, which determine the distribution of phytoplankton. AVHRR Sea Surface Temperature SeaWiFS surface chlorophyll IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  4. 1. Phytoplankton is both a passive tracer transported by water circulation and an active biomass growing under favorable conditions (light, nutrients, etc.). It is important to distinguish between these two processes. Horizontal circulation transports phytoplankton in horizontal direction, resulting in changes in its horizontal distribution. Vertical stratification of water column regulates the growth of phytoplankton biomass. So, the mesoscale variability of phytoplankton visible at satellite images results from both passive transport and active growth. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  5. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The illustrative example of mesoscale variability of phytoplankton is the Black Sea located in southeastern Europe. The abyssal plain of depth more than 2000 m is separated from the margins by steep continental slopes, excluding the shallow northwestern part. The wide northwestern continental shelf (mean depth about 50 m) occupies the region between the Crimean peninsula and the west coast. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  6. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea A basin scale cyclonic boundary Rim Current is the main feature of the Black Sea general circulation. The Rim Current is <75 km wide and has an average speed of 20 cm s-1. Along the coastal lines anticyclonic vorticity arises due to the Rim Current meandering, resulting in anticyclonic eddies in coastal zones. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  7. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea High-resolution AVHRR images enabled studies of the formation and evolution of the cyclonic and near-shore anticyclonic eddies along the coast and their influence on distribution of remote-sensed chlorophyll. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  8. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea These AVHRR images illustrate the dynamics of the cyclonic eddies (C-1, C-2) and near-shore anticyclonic eddies (NAE-1, NAE-2, etc.) during the autumn 1997. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  9. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea These AVHRR images illustrate the dynamics of the cyclonic eddies (C-1, C-2) and near-shore anticyclonic eddies (NAE-1, NAE-2, etc.) during the autumn 1997. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  10. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea These AVHRR images illustrate the dynamics of the cyclonic eddies (C-1, C-2) and near-shore anticyclonic eddies (NAE-1, NAE-2, etc.) during the autumn 1997. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  11. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea These AVHRR images illustrate the dynamics of the cyclonic eddies (C-1, C-2) and near-shore anticyclonic eddies (NAE-1, NAE-2, etc.) during the autumn 1997. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  12. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The propagation of the near-shore anticyclonic eddies resulted in change of the direction of currents over the continental slope. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  13. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea Hydrographical observations support upwelling in the cyclonic eddies and downwelling in the anticyclonic eddies. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  14. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea Torrential rains in the beginning of October 1997 resulted in increased freshwater discharge and accumulation of phytoplankton and pollutants in the near-shore anticyclonic eddies. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  15. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The concentration of chlorophyll increased in the cyclonic eddies and decreased in the anticyclonic eddies of the open sea. Near-shore anticyclonic eddies accumulated high concentrations of chlorophyll. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  16. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The process of transport of phytoplankton from productive shelf region to the open sea was observed during summer 1998 over the continental slope in the northwestern part of the Black Sea. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  17. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea Anticyclonic eddies slowly moved southwestward along the continental slope. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  18. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The largest anticyclone with diameter of 90 km displaced during three months southwestward with mean speed of about 3 cm/s. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  19. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  20. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  21. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  22. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  23. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  24. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  25. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  26. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  27. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  28. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  29. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  30. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  31. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  32. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  33. 2. Horizontal transport of phytoplankton and pollutants offshore in the Black Sea The eddies transported chlorophyll-reach coastal waters to the deep basin. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  34. 3. Spring bloom in Southern California Bight resulting from coastal upwelling Circulation in the Southern California Bight is cyclonic, resulting from the interaction between California Current and Southern California Countercurrent. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  35. 3. Spring bloom in Southern California Bight resulting from coastal upwelling Strong alongshore wind results in upwelling and phytoplankton bloom. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  36. 3. Spring bloom in Southern California Bight resulting from coastal upwelling Strong alongshore wind results in upwelling and phytoplankton bloom. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  37. 3. Spring bloom in Southern California Bight resulting from coastal upwelling Strong alongshore wind results in upwelling and phytoplankton bloom. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  38. From Level 3 time-series of SeaWiFS chlorophyll concentration we study statistical correlations between phytoplankton dynamics and environmental factors.

  39. Phytoplankton blooms regularly occur in SCB, typically in spring.

  40. Seasonal variations of remote sensed SST and chlorophyll biomass averaged over SMB, air temperature at LAX, and wind (upwelling index at 33oN, 119oW). Seasonal minima: wind - December 19 (winter solstice); air T - February 7 (+50 days) SST - March 2 (+23 days). Seasonal maximum of Chl (February 27) coincides with SST minimum.

  41. Chlorophyll biomass growth results from decrease of air temperature and increase of upwelling-favorable wind stress with time lag 5-6 days.

  42. 4. Stormwater plumes in southern California Mesoscale eddies transport offshore the rainstorm plumes with high suspended sediment and chlorophyll concentration. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  43. 4. Stormwater plumes in southern California Mesoscale eddies transport offshore the rainstorm plumes with high suspended sediment and chlorophyll concentration. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  44. 4. Stormwater plumes in southern California Mesoscale eddies transport offshore the rainstorm plumes with high suspended sediment and chlorophyll concentration. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  45. 4. Stormwater plumes in southern California Mesoscale eddies transport offshore the rainstorm plumes with high suspended sediment and chlorophyll concentration. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  46. 4. Stormwater plumes in southern California Mesoscale eddies transport offshore the rainstorm plumes with high suspended sediment and chlorophyll concentration. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  47. 4. Stormwater plumes in southern California Mesoscale eddies transport offshore the rainstorm plumes with high suspended sediment and chlorophyll concentration. IoE 184 - The Basics of Satellite Oceanography. 8. Mesoscale variability and coastal pollution

  48. On the basis of SeaWiFS observations collected over 7 years (1997-2004) the basic statistical characteristics of plumes in the Southern California Bight were estimated. Normalized water-leaving radiation of 555 nm (nLw555) wavelength is highly correlated with the concentration of suspended sediments, resulting in brownish water color typical to stormwater plumes. Plume size was assessed from nLw555 exceeding a certain threshold, estimated as 1.3 mW cm-2 µm-1 sr-1. A primary factor regulating the plume size was rainstorm magnitude, i.e., the total volume of water precipitated over the coastal watershed.

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