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Acid Nomenclature Guide for Binary and Oxoacids

Learn the rules for naming binary and oxoacids, including prefixes and suffixes. Understand how to name acids based on their composition and elements. Helpful guide for chemistry students.

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Acid Nomenclature Guide for Binary and Oxoacids

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  1. Binary Acid Nomenclature • Binary acids contain hydrogen and one other element. • To name a binary acid, the prefix hydro- and the suffix -ic are added to the root name for the nonmetal and the word acid is added. • The ending of the name (anion) is modified by • using the suffix -ic. • HCl is hydrochloric acid (HCl(aq)) when • hydrogen choride (HCl(g)) is dissolved in • water.

  2. HI is hydroiodic acid (HI(aq)) when • hydrogen iodide (HI(g)) is dissolved • in water. • H2S is hydrosulfuric acid (H2S(aq)) • when hydrogen sulfide (H2S(g)) is • dissolved in water.

  3. Oxoacid Nomenclature • There are three elements found in a ternary • acid, two of which are hydrogen and oxygen. • To name an oxoacid (also called oxyacids or • ternary acids), the hydrogen is not named but • rather look at the polyatomic anion and • change its -ate name to an -ic acid or its -ite • name to an -ous acid. • LiNO3 is lithium nitrate and HNO3 is nitric • acid.

  4. LiNO2 is lithium nitrite and HNO2 is • nitrous acid. • Take note that the -ate suffix for the salt • becomes the -ic suffix for the acid and the -ite • suffix becomes the -ous suffix for an acid. • Oxoacids containing a halogen use the • additional prefixes per- and hypo-. • In a halogen family, the prefix per- is • added to the name of the oxoacid with • the most oxygens.

  5. In a halogen family, the prefix hypo- is • added to the name of the oxoacid with • the fewest oxygens. • HClO4 is per-chlor-ic acid. • HClO3 is chlor-ic acid. • HClO2 is chlor-ous acid. • HClO is hypo-chlor-ous acid. • Bromine and iodine form similar oxoacids and • salts as chlorine and follow the same naming • conventions.

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