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Oral Communication

Oral Communication. Georgia CTAE Resource Network Instructional Resource Office To accompany curriculum for the Georgia Peach State Career Pathways April 2009, Kayla Calhoun & Dr. Frank Flanders. Objectives. Recall the key concepts of oral communication

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Oral Communication

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  1. Oral Communication Georgia CTAE Resource Network Instructional Resource Office To accompany curriculum for the Georgia Peach State Career Pathways April 2009, Kayla Calhoun & Dr. Frank Flanders

  2. Objectives • Recall the key concepts of oral communication • Define the three elements of oral communication • List the steps for planning a successful oral presentation • Design a presentation outline using the 9 steps of oral communication • Describe the strengths and weaknesses of a presentation

  3. Oral Communication Defined • Expressing ideas and information as well as influencing others through the spoken word • Can also include nonverbal communication • Important for any career, whether you use it in informal conversations or business presentations • Key Concepts: speaker, message, channel, receiver, feedback, noise, context

  4. 7 Key Concepts • Speaker: the person giving the presentation • Message: what you want the audience to know • Channel: the way you communicate information; speech, DVD, demonstration, etc. • Receiver: audience

  5. 7 Key Concepts • Feedback: visual and audible clues from the audience that help you determine how to proceed with your presentation • Noise: distractions from your message; can be external or produced by the speaker • Context: environment, attitudes and beliefs of audience, nature of the times

  6. Three Elements of Oral Communication • Content: information conveyed in presentation • What are you trying to say? Why does it matter? • Organization: structure of presentation • Introduction, body, conclusion • Organizational pattern • Delivery: means of communication • Verbal or nonverbal channels

  7. Steps for Planning a Successful Oral Presentation • Determine a general purpose • Analyze the audience • Choose a specific purpose • Research the topic • Organize and outline the presentation • Visual aids • Practice • Delivery • Assessment

  8. Step 1Determine a General Purpose • Purposes: • Inform: provide information about objects, processes, events, concepts • Persuade: attempt to change attitude or behavior of audience about questions of fact, value, or policy • Entertain/move: toast or a eulogy

  9. Step 2Analyze the Audience • Relate your message to your audience’s knowledge, beliefs, and interests • Study demographic data • Consider size, setting, and prior disposition toward the topic and yourself • Important to present the most relevant information while avoiding offense

  10. Step 3Specific Purpose • Narrow your topic • Ex: • General purpose: inform • Specific purpose: Provide information about the current issues affecting Georgia agriculture • Should be explicitly stated in introduction

  11. Step 4Research Topic • Gathering facts, figures, testimony, and examples • Establishes credibility • Competence: speaker’s knowledge of subject • Character: speaker’s trustworthiness

  12. Step 5Organizing and Outlining • Introduction • Attention-getter: can be a rhetorical question, anecdote, quote • Establish credibility • Thesis: state the specific purpose of your message • Preview statement

  13. Step 5 continuedOrganizing and Outlining (Cont.) • Body: 2-5 main points • Conclusion • Summary of main points • Strong concluding statement • Organizational patterns • Chronological: used to narrate a sequence of events or explain a process • Spatial: follows a directional pattern; left-to-right, top-to-bottom, etc.

  14. Step 5 continuedOrganizing and Outlining • Organizational patterns (Continued) • Topical: categorize main points • Cause-effect: introduces a cause and effect(s) of that cause; usually used with persuasive communication • Problem-solution: introduces a problem and suggests a solution; usually used with persuasive communication • Connectives • Transitions, internal previews and summaries, signposts

  15. Step 6Visual Aids • Should add to the presentation • Visible to audience • Talk to audience, not visual aid • Explain visual aids to audience • Can be PowerPoint, graph, chart, DVD, transparency, people, etc.

  16. Step 7Practice • Delivery methods: • Manuscript: reading word-for-word; used when precision is important • Memorization: used with short presentations, such as a wedding toast • Extemporaneous: structured and flexible; uses note cards for important points • Impromptu: involves little to no practice; giving directions, speaking in class

  17. Step 7Practice (Continued) • Be sure to practice using visual aids • Time your presentation

  18. Step 8 Delivery • Voice: volume, pitch, pauses, articulation, pronunciation • The audience perceives 60% of the meaning of a presentation from nonverbal cues • Gestures, eye contact, posture, facial expressions • Physical appearance • Environment • Being late and rushing through presentation

  19. Step 9Assess • Ask for feedback from the audience • Identify strengths and weaknesses of your presentation

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