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The Rise and Fall of Tobacco in Colonial America: Economic Impacts and Social Structures

This section discusses the fluctuating tobacco prices in the 1660s, highlighting its status as the largest exported crop from America and its impact on both large plantations and small farms. It delves into the lives of indentured servants, early colonial aspirations led by figures like Sir George Calvert, and the resulting religious toleration laws in Maryland. The text further explores the socioeconomic structures in Virginia and the Carolinas, the role of slavery, and the establishment of Georgia as a debtor colony, juxtaposing economic needs and ethical considerations in colonial governance.

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The Rise and Fall of Tobacco in Colonial America: Economic Impacts and Social Structures

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Presentation Transcript

  1. Chapter 3 Section 4 US HIstory

  2. 1660 – tobacco prices fall (largest American exported crop) • Large plantations can recover, small farms cannot • Building Colonies took work and people • Homes, land, churches, crops, and harvest • Indentured Servants – people who agreed to pay off a debt by doing work without pay • Also, English criminals, Scottish and Irish POW’s, and African slaves sent to Americas A Dark Spot in US History

  3. DFS 3-4 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

  4. Sir George Calvert (Lord Baltimore) – Catholic • Wanted a Catholic colony in the Americas • Died before gaining the grant from the king • Son, Cecilius Calvert, carried on the dream (never went) • Sent his two brothers to set up the colony • Named after Virgin Mary or Queen Henrietta Maria • Baltimore – Maryland port on the Potomac River • All people were asked to grow tobacco and one other crop (corn, wheat, veggies, and fruit) • Most owners were very wealthy, so workerscame Maryland

  5. Boundary between Maryland and Pennsylvania • Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon – British astronomers who drew the line • In Maryland, Protestants always outnumbered Catholics from the beginning • Act of Toleration – law that granted Catholics and Protestants the right to worship freely • Repealed in 1692 by the English government • Maryland became Anglican Mason – Dixon Line

  6. Nathaniel Bacon – planter and leader in western VA • Opposed the Eastern dominated government in VA • Led western VA settlers in Native American attacks • Led army on Jamestown and burn capital • Governor Berkeley exiled from VA • Bacon’s Rebellion – showed American rebel-nature and began militia for protection Virginia

  7. Carolina – Latin for “Charles’ Land” • Settlers formed a city “Charles’ Town” (Charleston) • John Locke – English political philosopher • Wrote the Carolina constitution – plan of government • Northern and Southern Carolina • North – mostly farmers and forest farmers (no port) • South – Good Harbor, most from Barbados, land produced rice (required hard labor) • Used Slaves to harvest sugar and rice • Eliza Lucas – developed flower crop “indigo” • Called “Blue Gold” of Carolina • More than half of Southern Carolina’s population was slaves • North and South Carolina split over governmental representation Goin’ To Carolina

  8. Last British colony – General John Oglethorpe • Planned as a debtor colony • Debtors – those who are unable to repay debts • Also, it was the buffer for Spanish attacks • First town = Savannah – forts to defend from Spain • Outlawed slavery, Catholics, and rum • Due to demand, slavery and rum bans lifted • GA had the highest non-British population on a British colony Georgia ON My Mind

  9. Quebec – founded by the French • 1663 – New France becomes a French colony • Louis Joliet (fur trader) and Jacques Marquette (priest) – explored the Miss. River • Rene-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle – explored the Miss. again claimed the territory for King Louis XIV (Louisiana) • Founded a port named New Orleans • Tenant farmers – settlers pay a lord an annual rent and worked for lord a fixed number of days • New France grew so slowly that the Native Americans were not forced off their lands (France = respect) New France

  10. Spain settled all over South, Central, and North America • Santa Fe - Spanish settlement • Arizona, Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and California • Goal = set up a boundary between France and Mexico • Missions – religious settlements established to convert people to a faith • Junipero Serra – Franciscan monk founded a mission in San Diego • Set up 8 more missions along El Camino Real ( The Royal Highway) – Los Angeles and Monterey New Spain

  11. Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America __ 2. farmer who works land owned by another and pays rent either in cash or crops __ 3. religious settlement __ 4. person or country that owes money __ 5. a formal plan of government A. indentured servant B. constitution C. debtor D. tenant farmer E. mission A D E C B Section 4-28 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

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