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Discover the dynamics of life in the American colonies during the 17th and 18th centuries. Explore the population boom across regions such as New England, the Middle Colonies, and the Southern Colonies, driven by immigration, religious freedoms, and economic opportunities. Learn about subsistence farming, the significance of cash crops like tobacco and wheat, and the bustling trade routes formed through the Triangular Trade. Examine the challenges of slavery and social structures, providing a comprehensive overview of life in early colonial America.
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US History Chapter 4 Section 1
Life in Colonies • New England (Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Connecticut) • Population Boom – from 250,000 to 2.5 million in 70 years • Immigration – religious freedoms, land, and work • Large families – marry young and have kids • Longer, Healthier lives • Subsistence farming – producing enough to meet family needs • Commerce – lumber, cloth, trade skills, shipbuilding, fishing • Trade – ports in the north made it easy to trade • West Indies – modern day Caribbean • Triangular Trade – trade routes form a triangle • Middle Passage – shipping enslaved Africans to the West Indies
Life in Colonies … Cont. • Middle Colonies (New York, Delaware, New Jersey, Pennsylvania) • Cash crops – crops that could easily be sold in markets • Example = wheat • New York City and Philadelphia – busy ports for export • The two largest cities in the Americas by 1760 • Industries – iron mills, lumber, mining, and carpentry • Pennsylvania – received most of the German immigrants • Diversity - variety
Life in Colonies … Part 3 • Southern Colonies (Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia) • Cash Crops = Tobacco and Rice • Maryland and Virginia – Tobacco • South Carolina and Georgia – Rice • Fastest growing economies in the colonies • Supply and Demand • When supply is down and demand is up, prices are high • When supply is up and demand in down, prices are low • Tidewater – a region of low-lying plains along the seacoast • Plantations often were along rivers and worked as independent areas • Backcountry – region of hills and forests climbing up to the Appalachian Mtns. • Small farms grew corn and tobacco, used fewer slaves • Outnumbered the plantation owners, but they had less wealth
Indentured servants were higher in social rank. Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.
Slavery • Slaves Codes – strict rules governing the behavior and punishment of enslaved Africans • Overseers – bosses (hired by plantation owners) • No leaving plantation, no teaching of reading or writing • Whipping for minor offenses • Hanging or Burning for serious crimes • African Traditions • Families torn apart; strength found in memories of Africa • Some slaves learn skills and shared profits with owners • Criticism of Slavery • Most white Southerners were not slaveholders, but it was central to the Southern economy • Puritans, Quakers, and Mennonites condemned slavery
Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. farming in which only enough food to feed one’s family is produced __ 2. farm crop raised to be sold for money __ 3. a trade route that exchanged goods between the West Indies, the American colonies, and West Africa A. subsistence farming B. triangular trade C. cash crop A C B Section 1-24 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.
