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US History

This section explores the inaugural moments of the United States government under President George Washington, the country's first leader sworn into office on April 30, 1789, in New York City. Key figures such as Vice President John Adams and the first Cabinet members, including Thomas Jefferson and Alexander Hamilton, are introduced. The formation of precedents, the Judiciary Act of 1789, the introduction of the Bill of Rights, and Hamilton's financial strategies, including the national debt and tariffs, are discussed, highlighting the pivotal developments that shaped the new nation.

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US History

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Presentation Transcript

  1. US History Chapter 8 Section 1

  2. DFS 8-1 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answer.

  3. Time for First(s) • First President: George Washington • 57 years old • April 30, 1789 – first day in office of President • In the Nation’s capital = New York City • John Adams – appointed Vice-President • Precedents – the traditions • “Mr. President” – address to the President • First Congress • First Three Executive Departments: State, Treasury, and War • Office of Attorney and Postmaster General • Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson • Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton • Secretary of War: Henry Knox • Attorney General: Edmund Randolph • Cabinet – leaders of the departments of the executive branch • Vote: Can the President dismiss cabinet without Congress? Yes

  4. I Fought the Law, and the Law Won • Judiciary Act of 1789 – compromise between federal and state courts in which the federal court has the right to reverse state court decisions • John Jay – first Supreme Court chief Justice • Bill of Rights – first 10 Amendments to the Constitution that guaranteed basic individual rights • Introduced by James Madison • Limited the Power of the Federal Government, and placed some of that power in the hands of the states

  5. Money, Money, Money… • National Debt – the amount the nation’s government owed • Hamilton’s Plan – pay off states, individuals, and foreign nations • Bonds - paper notes promising to repay in a certain length of time • Speculators – people who risk money in order to make a larger profit • Compromise= the capital of the United States would move to the South, and the Southern states would help pay off the war debt • New Capital: Washington D.C. – located in between Maryland and Virginia

  6. More Money Stuff • A National Bank • Unconstitutional - inconsistent with the Constitution • Supreme Court allows the Bank, because it is “necessary and proper” • Tariff - a tax on imports • Protect American industries from foreign ones • 1790’s – 90% of Congress’s income was tariffs • Hamilton also proposed taxes on items (including whiskey) • Congress was split over this idea

  7. Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. a note issued by the government, which promises to pay off a loan with interest __ 2. a tradition __ 3. the amount of money a national government owes to other governments or its people __ 4. person who risks money in order to make a large profit __ 5. a group of advisers to the president A. precedent B. cabinet C. national debt D. bond E. speculator D Section 1-27 A C E B Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.

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