1. US History Chapter 6 Section 1

2. Taking Sides • Neutral – taking no side in a conflict • Britain • Strongest navy, well-trained army, larger population • Some support of colonists (Loyalists/ Tories) (1 in 5) • Why Loyalist? • Southern Colonies experienced little harassment • Members of the Anglican Church • Fear of governmental disorder • No real cause (other than taxes) • Africans who fought would be freed (British decree) • Patriots • No strong army or navy or experience and low ammunition • Volunteer fighters (short terms) and N\not all colonists are Patriots • Advantages: • Home team advantage • No mercenaries -hired soldiers to fight (British – Hessians) • Fighting for “freedom”, not money • Leader – George Washington

3. A Volunteer Army • Congress established the Continental Army – relied on the states for recruits • Recruit – to enlist • At first, termwas for one year. Later, 3 years (or the whole war) • Women Patriots: • Margaret Corbin – followed her husband to battle, When her husband died, she took his place fighting • Molly Pitcher – nickname for Mary Ludwig Hays McCauley who carried water to the soldiers • Deborah Sampson – disguised herself as a boy to fight in the army with her brothers

4. Fighting Begins • General William Howe – 32,000 troops from Britain • Battle of Long Island • Nathan Hale – Patriot schoolteacher who attempted to spy on the British, but was caught • “I regret that I have but one life to lose for my country” • Patriots lose and retreat to Manhattan • In the winter of 1776, many leave (terms up, fear) • Washington needed more troops • He asked the Congress to enlist free African Americans • Southerners were hesitant, but every state except South Carolina had enlisted African Americans by the end • Lemuel Hayes and Peter Salem – fought at Concord

5. Intro 1 Click the Speaker buttonto replay the audio.

6. Patriot Victories • Trenton and Princeton – Christmas 1776 • Washington crosses the Delaware River • British caught off-guard at Trenton • British send reinforcements with Lord Charles Cornwallis • Washington marches to Princeton • British Battle Plan for 1777 • Take Albany, New York, and the Hudson River • General John Burgoyne from Canada • Lt. Colonial Berry St. Leger east from Ontario • General Howe – north from NYC • Meet at Albany… Destroy the Patriots

7. Actual Battles • General Howe – captures Philadelphia • Philadelphia - American capital (forces the Congress out) • Brandywine and Paoli – battles for Philadelphia • Washington attacks at Germantown but loses • Howe pauses for the winter in Philly • Patriots halt St. Leger at Fort Stanwix • Patriots, led by Benedict Arnold, force retreat • General Burgoyne blocked by the terrain • He had a large inventory of stuff, so slow travel • Patriots cut down trees to block his path • Green Mountain Boys – attacked in the woods (red coats) • Retreats to Saratoga • General Horatio Gates – Patriot leader • Oct 17, 1777 – Burgoyne surrenders while band play “Yankee Doodle” • General Howe resigns, replaced by General Henry Clinton

8. Checking for Understanding Define Match the terms on the right with their definitions on the left. __ 1. to enlist soldiers in the army __ 2. taking no side in a conflict __ 3. paid soldier who serves in the army of a foreign country A. neutral B. mercenary C. recruit C A B Section 1-25 Click the mouse button or press the Space Bar to display the answers.