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Precursors to the modern GIS

Precursors to the modern GIS. Thematic maps in the days before desktop computing. Ancient maps. This ancient tablet from the 7 th century BC depicts the world at the time of Sargon (2300 BC) as a circle surrounded by water, with Babylon at its center. (British Museum).

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Precursors to the modern GIS

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  1. Precursors to the modern GIS Thematic maps in the days before desktop computing CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  2. Ancient maps This ancient tablet from the 7th century BC depicts the world at the time of Sargon (2300 BC) as a circle surrounded by water, with Babylon at its center. (British Museum) http://www.bible-history.com/babylonia/BabyloniaMaps.htm CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  3. Early modern physical maps • Gerard Mercator, 1595 • Includes 14th c. geographical errors (polar islands, Rumes Nigra) CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  4. Early thematic maps Das Reich der Liebe. Johann Gottlob Immanuel Breitkopf. Leipzig, 1777 CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  5. Early epidemiological maps • Incidence of an epidemic in Glasgow, Scotland (Perry 1844) • Used color to emphasize the geographical distribution of cases CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  6. An early geo-database MAP OF THE CONTOURS OF LONDON AND ITS ENVIRONS, SHOWING THE DISTRICTS AND AREAS SUPPLIED BY THE NINE METROPOLITAN WATER WORKS' COMPANIES. By ROBERT W. MYLNE, C.E., F.G.S., F.S.A., FELLOW INST. BRIT. ARCHITECTS. Area 176 Square Miles. Scale 1/17032 of nature. CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  7. MAP OF LONDON WATER DISTRICTS (1856) CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  8. The database is in the map legend! CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  9. Snow’s “Grand Experiment” CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  10. Mapping as an analysis tool • John Snow’s map of cholera cases in a neighborhood in London helped pin-point the source: • a cesspool 3’ from the Broad Street public well CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  11. U. S. Atlas of Cancer Mortality CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  12. Jacquiline TyrwhittThe mother of modern GIS??? CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  13. Design with Nature • by Ian McHarg. 1969 • An early form of thematiclayering for environmental impact assessment & planning CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  14. Richmond Parkway Study • Finding the best route for a highway on Staten Island: “the one that provides the maximum social benefit at the lowest social cost.” CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  15. Physiographic features - 1 CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  16. Physiographic features - 2 CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  17. CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  18. Land values - 1 CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  19. Land values - 2 CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  20. CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  21. Final solution: CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

  22. Multi-thematic maps Use of a simple (3 level) scale to compare values Overlay technique McHarg’s Legacy to GIS CS 128/ES 228 - Lecture 1b

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