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“Sustainable Mobility and the Troublesome Leisure Travel” Professor Erling Holden and Dr Kristin Linnerud TSU Seminars, University of Oxford, 21 September 2010. We claim. “Policies aimed at reducing energy consumption for everyday travel may have the opposite effect on leisure travel”
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“Sustainable Mobility and the Troublesome Leisure Travel” Professor Erling Holden and Dr Kristin Linnerud TSU Seminars, University of Oxford, 21 September 2010
We claim “Policies aimed at reducing energy consumption for everyday travel may have the opposite effect on leisure travel” Sources: Holden and Linnerud (forthcoming), “Sustainable Mobility and The Troublesome Leisure Travel”, Urban studies Holden (2007) Achieving Sustainable Mobility (Ashgate)
Why focus on leisure travel? • Accounts for about one-third of trips, half of travel distance and 60 per cent of CO2 emission yearly • Over the next 20 years, more people will be spending more time on leisure activities (and travel) • Our research shows that “traditional”sustainable mobility policies have contradictory effect on leisure travel • A deeper understanding of the mechanisms that influence leisure-time travel is generally lacking • As the understanding deepens policy making must change
The Compact City Long-distance leisure travel by plane
Green Attitudes Long-distance leisure travel by plane
ICT • The direct impacts of ICT on travel (Salomon, 1986) • substitution • modification • complementarity • neutrality • A review of about 100 studies on the impacts of ICT on travel (Andreev et al., 2010) • substitution most prevalent impact for everyday travel • complementarity most prevalent impact for leisure travel
The Troublesome Leisure travel Yes No Yes No No Yes
Mechanisms Availability mechanisms • Fixed time budget • Fixed money budget Compensatory mechanisms • The Compact city: lack of “space” or access to a private yard / local greenery • Green attitudes: fixed moral budget (lack of indulgence in everyday life) Complementary mechanisms • ICT: gain access to new people, activities and places stimulate travels Conspicuous mechanisms • Veblen’s “conspicuous consumption” NB! Self-selection (Miss-specified model) The University College (in Sogndal) Work from home (in Leikanger)
Thank you for your attention! On your own ... (“Jotunheimen National Park”)