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Chapter 7 模擬電路分析的種類及輸出格式 (Part I)

Chapter 7 模擬電路分析的種類及輸出格式 (Part I). 直流分析 偏壓點分析 小信號直流轉移函數分析 靈敏度分析 直流掃描分析. 直流分析. 偏壓點分析. .OP (Operating Point) Example Find (1) Ic,Ib, Vce, Vbe (2)Q1 operating situation. Simulation By SPICE. Operating point example 7-4 VCC 1 0 12v R1 1 2 120K R2 2 0 80K RC 1 3 10K RE 4 0 5K

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Chapter 7 模擬電路分析的種類及輸出格式 (Part I)

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  1. Chapter 7 模擬電路分析的種類及輸出格式 (Part I) • 直流分析 • 偏壓點分析 • 小信號直流轉移函數分析 • 靈敏度分析 • 直流掃描分析

  2. 直流分析

  3. 偏壓點分析 • .OP (Operating Point) • Example • Find (1) Ic,Ib, Vce, Vbe (2)Q1 operating situation

  4. Simulation By SPICE Operating point example 7-4 VCC 1 0 12v R1 1 2 120K R2 2 0 80K RC 1 3 10K RE 4 0 5K Q1 3 2 4 Q2N2222 .Model Q2N2222 NPN(BF=110) .OP .Options nopage .END

  5. Simulation Output File Vbc=-0.163v -> Active Region Vce=0.929v Vbe= 0.766v

  6. Simulation By OrCAD PSpice

  7. Simulation Setting .op Analysis Type

  8. Simulation Output File 4.2507 4.541 3.9016 hfe=255.9

  9. 小信號直流轉移函數分析 • 主要功能在計算電路之 • 小信號之直流輸入電阻Rin=Vin/Iin • 小信號之直流輸出電阻Rout=Vo/Io • 小信號之直流轉移函數 • (1) Av=Vout/Vin (2) AI=Iout/Iin • (3) Gm=Io/Vin (4) Rm=Vo/Iin

  10. 轉移函數之描述 • TF: Transfer Function • .TF OutvarI Insource • Examples • .TF V(8) Vin • .TF I(V1) VG • .TF V(5,0) Is 若該電流沒有流過一獨立之電壓電源,則應串一電壓為零的獨立電壓電源

  11. Example From the follows circuit, please use OrCAD PSpice to find (1) Vo/Vin (2) Input Resistance (Rin) (3) Output Resistance (Rout) Rin Rout

  12. Simulation Setting

  13. Simulation Results

  14. 靈敏度分析(Sensitivity Analysis) • 靈敏度分析是在計算某一個或多個輸出電壓或電流變數對每一個裝置參數的直流小信號之靈敏度 • 靈敏度分析之描述 • .SENS VA1<VA2>…. • Example • V(1) I(V1) V(5,6) I(VS)

  15. Example • Find the DC small-signal sensitivities of VR3 from the following circuit.

  16. Circuit

  17. Simulation settings

  18. Simulation Results

  19. 直流掃描分析(DC Sweep Analysis) • 求出電路的某一電源(或兩個以上)全域參數,模型參數或溫度變數在某一範圍變化時,其電路的某一元件(電壓或電流)輸出之變化 • 直流掃描分析可分為兩種 • 一般直流掃描:只掃描一個變數 • 巢狀掃描(Nested DC Sweep):同時掃描兩個變數,第二個掃描變數每變化一次,第一個掃描變數要全部變化完畢

  20. 直流掃描分析所做的工作 • 求出電路之直流工作點,電感器視為短路,電容器視為開路 • 進行直流掃描

  21. 直流掃描分析描述格式 • SPICE之格式 • .DC SName Start Stop Incre<SName2 Start2 Stop2 Incre2> • OrCAD PSpice之格式 • .DC SName Start Stop Incre<SName2 Start2 Stop2 Incre2> 或 • .DC <LIN> SWN Start Stop Incre< SWN2 Start2 Stop2 Incre2>…或 • .DC <OCT><DEC> SWN Start Stop NO< SWN2 Start2 Stop2 NO2> • .DC SWN LIST VALUE…

  22. Example(一般直流掃描) .DC VIN -1 2 0.5 .PRINT DC V(R1)

  23. Example(巢狀掃描) .DC IB 0 12ma 2 ma VCE 0 6 2

  24. 直流掃描分析輸出描述(電路描述法) .PRINT DC VA1 <VA2…..VA8> .PLOT DC VA1<LO1,HI1> VA2<LO2,HI2> …. VA8<LO8,HI8> .PROBE (PROBE.DAT) .PROBE VA1<VA2….> (PROBE.DAT) • Example • .PRINT DC V(5) V(3,4) I(V1) I(R1) • .PROBE

  25. 直流掃描分析輸出描述(OrCAD PSpice描述法)

  26. Watch之操作

  27. 直流掃描分析實例(使用電路描述) • 求出電路在Vin=0v~12v,每次增加1v時,VR4及IR2的變化如何?

  28. Input File

  29. Output File (1)

  30. Output File (2)

  31. PLOT

  32. Insert I(R2)

  33. Vin vs I(R2) Curve I(R2) VIN

  34. Insert V(3) V(3) i.e. VR4

  35. Vin vs VR4 Curve

  36. 直流掃描分析實例(使用OrCAD PSpice繪圖方式) • 利用OrCAD PSpice求出二極體電路之伏安特性曲線

  37. Simulation Settings

  38. Insert I(D1)

  39. PLOT VD vs I(D1)

  40. Example • 利用OrCAD PSpice 求出Q2N2222電晶體的輸出特性曲線?若VCC為10V,負載電阻為5K,試繪出其負載線.

  41. Simulation Settings (1)

  42. Simulation Settings (2)

  43. Plot Setting IC(Q1)

  44. Plot Curve (Vcc vs IC(Q1)) IC(Q1) Vcc

  45. 負載線之設定 10V-V_VCC

  46. 負載線 刮子家 It’s me! (10,0) 0

  47. Axis Setting

  48. Y Axis Setting

  49. 最後之負載線 Q點 (5V,1mA)

  50. Question & Answer

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