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ARCH 452 27 March 2014 İue d021

BUSINESS LAW SEMINAR. ARCH 452 27 March 2014 İue d021. I- TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT II- LEGAL CORPORATIONS and PARTNERSHIPS III- LEGAL ISSUES FOR PROFESSIONALS. FUNDAMENTAL SOURCE OF TURKISH COMMERCIAL LAW.

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ARCH 452 27 March 2014 İue d021

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  1. BUSINESS LAW SEMINAR ARCH 45227 March 2014İue d021

  2. I- TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT II- LEGAL CORPORATIONS and PARTNERSHIPS III- LEGAL ISSUES FOR PROFESSIONALS

  3. FUNDAMENTAL SOURCE OF TURKISH COMMERCIAL LAW • CurrentTurkish Commercial Code (6102)cameintoforce on 1 July 2012. Itconsists of sixBooks, as; BookOne; «Commercial Enterprise» BookTwo; «CorporateLaw» Book Three; «Negotiable Instruments» BookFour; «Transport Business» BookFive; «MaritimeLaw» BookSix; «InsuranceLaw»

  4. AccordingtoArticle 1 of TCC, the TCC is an integral part of theTurkishCivilCode. Therefore, in thefield of Commercial Lawrelevantprovisions of theTurkishCivilCodeandTurkishCode of Obligationswill be applicable as lexgeneralis, whenneeded. Therearemanyspecificstatutes (lexspecialis), such as «Law on Cheques», «Capital Market Law», «LawRegulatingtheInterestRates», «LawPreventingUnfairCompetition» and «InsuranceLaw».

  5. I- TYPES OF EMPLOYMENT • MERCHANT • Real (natural) personmerchantwhoactivelyoperates a commercialenterprisewhollyorpartlyunder his/her own name. • Legal personmerchant 1. Allbusinessassociations 2. Societiesandfoundationswhichoperate a commercialenterprise 3. Organisationsandinstitutionsfoundedbypublicbodiessuch as theState, provinceormunicipality.

  6. Holding enterprise • Association of shipowners

  7. BUSINESS ASSOCIATIONS • ORDINARY PARTNERSHIP is regulated in TurkishCode of Obligations. Itdoesn’thave legal personality, but itspartnersareaccepted as merchants. • COMMERCIAL PARTNERSHIPS areregulatedby TCC. Theyhave legal personalityandtheyare legal personmerchants.

  8. COMMERCIAL PARTNERSHIPS • PERSONAL PARTNERSHIPS 1. General partnerships 2. Partnershipwithlimitedliability • CAPITAL ASSOCIATIONS/CORPORATIONS 1. Jointstockcompanies (Inc.) 2. Limited LiabilityCompanies 3. Partnershipswhosecapital is dividedintoshares

  9. CO-OPERATIVE PARTNERSHIPS Theaim of thistype of partnership is tosecurebymutualassistanceandsupportthecommoneconomicadvantageandinterests of thepartners.

  10. MERCHANT INTERMEDIARIES • INDEPENDENT INTERMEDIARIES 1. Broker (TCO) 2. Agency (TCC) 3. Commissioner (TCO) • DEPENDENT INTERMEDIARIES (TCO) 1. Commercial representatives (alter ego) 2. Commercial deputy 3. Othermerchantintermediaries (marketing staff/marketer, personnele.t.c.)

  11. PROFESSIONAL INDEMNITY INSURANCE • LiabilityInsurance (Voluntary-Compulsory) EmployerLiabilityInsurance Professional LiabilityInsurance MedicalDoctor Professional LiabilityInsuranceClause Professional LiabilityInsuranceClausesforAccountantsandInsuranceAgencies D&OsLiabilityInsurance

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