1. Warm Up! • What are the 2 parts that make up the scientific name of a species? • Using the cladogram, which animals have claws/nails? • Which animals have fur/mammary glands? • To what is the chimp most closely related to?

2. Is a hippopotamus more closely related to a pig or a whale?

3. Hippos are closely related to whales! • Based on physical comparisons (particularly dental structure & number of toes) it was originally thought that hippos were most closely related to pigs! • BUT DNA analysis indicates that hippos are more closely related to whales!

4. The Evolutionary Link • Whales & hippos had a common water-loving ancestor 50-60 millions years ago that evolved & split into 2 groups: The pig-like Anthracotheres (died out less than 2.5 mya, leaving only the hippo as a descendent) The Cetaceans (whales, dolphins, & porpoises)

6. Remember! • Cladograms are used to organize organisms based on evolutionary relationships (phylogeny). • In other words, who is related to who & where did we come from?

7. Constructing Cladograms

8. How are cladograms constructed? • Organisms are grouped together based on their derived characteristics.

9. Creating a Cladogram • You will be given a table of derived characteristics.

10. Step 1 – Create a Venn Diagram • How many organisms are you comparing? • This number will equal the number of circles in your Venn diagram. • Count the number of characteristics each organism has. • This will be the order that you place the organisms in the Venn diagram.

12. Step 2 – Convert the Diagram into a Cladogram