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Life in the American Colonies: Growth, Culture, and the Impact of Slavery in the 1700s

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gwendolyn-winters
10 diapositives · 259 Views · Nov 10, 2014

The 1700s saw remarkable population growth in the American colonies, from 250,000 to 2.5 million by 1775, fueled by immigration, slavery, and high birth rates. New England featured organized towns with a focus on subsistence farming and commerce, while the Middle Colonies thrived on fertile soil, cash crops, and ethnic diversity. In contrast, the Southern Colonies relied heavily on cash crops like tobacco and rice and had a harsh slave society. The Atlantic Slave Trade formed a cruel triangle involving the colonies, the West Indies, and West Africa, impacting culture and society across the region.

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  1. Ch. 4, Sec. 1 Notes – Life in the Colonies (1700s)

  2. America in the 1700s • Tremendous population growth – 250,000 in 1700 to 2,500,000 in 1775 • African Americans – 28,000 to 500,000 • Causes include immigration, slavery, high birthrate and scarcity of disease

  3. Life in New England • Well organized towns • Long winters and rocky soil • Subsistence farming, or farming only to feed themselves

  4. Commerce in New England • Small businesses • Water power runs mills • Large towns had many artisan workers • Fishing (cod, halibut, crabs, whale) • Major trade contact with the West Indies

  5. The Middle Colonies • Fertile soil, milder climate compared to NE (bigger farms) • Cash Crops, or crops that can be sold overseas for profit (Wheat! and livestock) • Industry too (carpentry, flour making, lumbering, iron making) • Great ethnic diversity (Dutch, Swedish, mostly Germans)

  6. Southern Colonies • Warm climate, rich soil • Cash Crops include tobacco (VA) and rice (GA, SC) • Hardly any industry • Most plantations located in tidewater, or regions of flat, low-lying plains that are seasonally flooded • Backcountry, or a region of hills and forests west of the coast, farmed by smaller farmers • Slaves society

  7. Atlantic Slave Trade • Triangular Trade, an Atlantic trade relationship between American colonies, West Indies, and West Africa • Slaves mostly in the South, some in Middle Colonies

  8. The Middle Passage • Shipping of enslaved Africans to the West Indies • Around 10 million brought from West Africa

  9. Slavery in the Colonies • Most slaves worked on plantations • Overseers, or slave bosses, supervised their work • Slave codes set rules governing behavior • Brutal punishments common

  10. African Traditions Mix • Slave families torn apart when slaves are sold • Slaves developed their own culture, mixing their West African heritage with English ways of slaveholders