3.1: Articles of Confederation & the U.S. Constitution

1. 3.1: Articles of Confederation & the U.S. Constitution • Follow along in the student packet: “Content students MUST KNOW to be successful on the GHSGT” (pg. 53-54)

2. The United States, 1783 America’s 1st national gov’t was the Articles of Confederation (1777-1789) The Articles established a weak national gov’t in order to protect state power

3. The Successes of the Articles The Articles established a good system of settling western lands The Land Ordinance of 1785 established an orderly process for laying out western townships The Northwest Ordinance of 1787 allowed for local gov’t, statehood, & outlawed slavery in the NW

4. One positive about the Articles was that it established an effective plan for resolving conflicts associated with the settlement of ___________ lands. Western

5. Constitutional Reform • By 1787, the fatal flaws of the Articles of Confed were exposed: • Shays’ Rebellion broke out among desperate MA farmers who faced losing their farms or being sent to debtor’s prison • Congress called for a meeting in Philadelphia to discuss revising the Articles & improve the nationa1 gov’t Shays’ Rebellion gave nationalists like Washington, Madison, Hamilton the urgency to call for a stronger national gov’t

7. The Constitutional Convention

8. A constitutional convention was held in Philadelphia to fix the Articles of Confederation, but a new gov’t was created instead James Madison helped broker many of the compromises that made the Constitution possible & is referred to as the “father of the Constitution” a.k.a. “The Great Compromise

9. The Great Compromise

12. The Constitution

13. Foundational Principles of the Constitution Key principles of American gov’t: Rule of Law Federalism Popular Sovereignty Separation of Powers Checks and Balances Written law restricts the government’s power Allows each branch of gov’t power over the other 2 branches Balance of local, state, & national government Power is in the hands of the people (voting) Prevents the concentration & abuse of power by creating 3 equal branches of gov’t

14. Key Ideas of the Constitution

17. Rule of Law Federalism—state gov’ts & the national gov’t both have power The supremacy clause establishes the Constitution (not the states) as the "the supreme law of the land" Popular Sovereignty: the people hold power

18. Federalist Favored a strong _________ government _____ interpretation of the Constitution that gave the national government enough power to do the will of the people George Washington, John _________, Alexander Hamilton Antifederalist Favored weak national government and strong ________ governments _______ interpretation of the Constitution Demanded a bill of _________ be added to the Constitution Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Thomas _____ Federalist vs. Antifederalist National Loose state To win ratification, the Federalists agreed to add a Bill of Rights to protect citizens’ liberty; all 13 states agreed to ratify the Constitution Strict rights Adams Paine

21. (1)Freedom of Speech, (2) the Press, and (3) Religion; (4) Right to peaceably assemble and (5) to petition government. Speech Press Religion Assemble You can petition the government Know Your (Bill of) Rights!

22. Speed! How many amendments are included in the Bill of Rights? 24 • 10 • 27 • 1 • 13 8 0

23. 24 10 Speed! 0 4th Amendment • Rights of Accused People • Right to a Speedy, Public Trial • Search and Seizure • Limits of Fines and Punishments

24. 27 10 Speed! 0 8th Amendment • Religious and political freedom • Right to bear arms • Quartering Troops • Limits of Fines and Punishments

25. 27 10 Caution: NEVER confuse this with the right to arm bears. Speed! 0 2nd Amendment • Religious and Political Freedom • Right to Bear Arms • Quartering Troops • Rights of Accused people

26. 27 10 Speed! 0 6th Amendment • Rights of Accused People • Right to a Speedy, Public Trial • Trial by Jury in Civil Cases • Limits of Fines and Punishments

27. 27 10 Speed! 0 1st Amendment • Religious and Political Freedom • Right to Bear Arms • Quartering Troops • Search and Seizure

28. 27 10 Speed! 0 All of the following are covered under the 1st Amendment EXCEPT • Freedom of Speech • Freedom of Religion • Right to Bear Arms • Right to Peaceably Assemble

29. 27 10 Speed! 0 5th Amendment • Rights of Accused People • Right to a Speedy, Public Trial • Search and Seizure • Limits of Fines and Punishments

30. 27 10 Speed! 0 3rd Amendment • Religious and Political Freedom • Right to Bear Arms • Quartering Troops • Search and Seizure

31. 27 10 Speed! 0 7th Amendment • Rights of Accused People • Right to a Speedy, Public Trial • Trial by Jury in Civil Cases • Limits of Fines and Punishments

32. 27 10 0 The due process clause in the 5th Amendment and the right to an attorney in the 6th were designed to • Provide for judicial review of laws • Protect freedom of expression • Ensure fair treatment for those accused of crimes • Assure that laws are properly enacted

33. 27 10 0 Who were the two groups during the Constitutional convention who were in major conflict over how states should be represented? • Democrats vs. Republicans • Federalist vs. Anti-Federalists • Senators vs. Members of the House • Large states vs. small states

34. 27 10 Speed! 0 To keep any one branch of government from gaining too much power, the Framers built in a system of • rejecting a bill. • an executive branch. • vetoing. • checks and balances.

35. 27 10 0 The Great Compromise was an agreement about how to • ratify the Constitution. • count slaves in determining population. • determine a state's representation in Congress. • divide powers between the states and central government.

36. 27 10 0 A major obstacle to ratification of the Constitution was the belief of some leaders that • the constitution did not include the power of the government to tax. • the bill of rights offered too many liberties. • state governments were given too many powers. • a bill of rights should be added before ratification.

37. 27 10 0 A Federalist interpretation of the Constitution resulted in a national government that was • strong enough to do the will of the people. • weak and lacking in prestige. • based on separation of powers. • unable to protect itself from British invasion.

38. 27 10 0 The Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to • protect personal liberties. • make the Constitution flexible. • make all citizens equal under the law. • limit the power of the judicial branch.