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Imperialism in Latin America 1869-1914

This chapter delves into the era of free-trade imperialism in Latin America, focusing on the economic dependence on industrialized nations like the United States, extreme poverty, and the exploitation of raw materials through the construction of railroads. The influence of European powers, the Monroe Doctrine, American expansionism in Cuba, and various instances of American intervention in Latin American countries are also discussed.

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Imperialism in Latin America 1869-1914

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  1. Imperialism in Latin America 1869-1914 Unit 4, Chapter 27

  2. Free-trade Imperialism • Economic dependence, but not political • Mainly by the United States • Extreme poverty • Dependence on industrialized nations for manufactured goods • Exported raw materials

  3. Railroads • Built to extract agricultural and mineral products • Connected to ports • Argentina had the best developed system because of the rich soil • 86% owned by the British • Similar to the situation in India & Ireland • Political elites in L.A. countries encouraged this as a rapid way to modernize

  4. Europeans in L.A. After 1865 • They avoided territorial acquisition because • They were too consumed with Asia and Africa • L.A. governments already supported economic arrangements • L.A. people were capable of resisting invasion • U.S. claimed to defend the entire Western Hemisphere against Eastern invasion • Monroe Doctrine

  5. American Expansionism

  6. Cuba • American businesses heavily invested in Cuban sugar & tobacco • Demanded U.S. help liberate Cuba from Spain to save business interests • 1898 – Maine killing Americans who blame Spain and told Spain to evacuate Cuba; they did • President declared war against Spain anyway — Spanish American War

  7. Results of War • U.S. purchased Philippines from Spain • U.S. took Puerto Rico & Guam • Cuba became independent • Platt Amendment 1901 – U.S. has right to intervene to maintain order in Cuba • Essentially Cuba was occupied by U.S.

  8. American Intervention • Sometimes L.A. states could not repay European loans who would then threaten to intervene • U.S. would send in marines enforce Monroe Doctrine • Dominican Republic – 1904-1907 • Nicaragua – 1912 • Honduras – 1912 • Haiti - 1915

  9. Panama • Province of Colombia • French received charter to build canal across Panama • Financial scandals & yellow fever condemned construction • U.S. saw value of canal & 1903 supported Panamanian rebellion against Colombia • U.S. received right to finish the canal & occupy a 5-mile stretch – until 2000!

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