Chapter 5

1. Chapter 5 Life in the English Colonies 1630-1770

2. Chapter 5, Section 1 • Privy Council • Parliament • Bicameral Legislature • House of Burgesses • Town Meeting • Libel • English Bill of Rights

3. Essential Vocabulary Sects 2 & 3 • Mercantilism • Favorable Balance of Trade • Exports • Imports • Navigation Acts • West Indies (pg 128) • Triangular Trade • Middle Passage • OlaudahEquiano • Cash Crops • Slave Codes • Staple Crops • New England (just list 4 colonies) • Middle Colonies (just list 4 colonies)

4. Essential Vocabulary Sections 4 & 5 • Revivals • Great Awakening • Jonathan Edwards • Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God • Enlightenment • Rousseau-Enlightenment thinker who wrote Social Contract about man’s role in government • Montesquieu-Enlightenment thinker who wrote The Spirit of Laws which advocated dividing the powers of government into branches so that no one branch of government becomes too powerful • John Locke-

5. Section 1- Forms of Government • Colonial Governments—Generally • Diverse- founded by different groups with different rules • Charter- Proprietary, Royal or Company • English King owned all of the colonies and had a group to advise the king: Privy Council • However, the Privy Council allowed the colonies to pretty much run themselves—why? • Colonial Governor to carry out the policies of England • Colonial Assemblies- • Based on Parliament in England • Parliament is Bicameral- 2 houses of the legislature • Representative bodies elected by colonists to establish day to day rules of colony Colonial Courts modeled after England too

6. Virginia’s Government Specifically • Representative Body= 2 houses= Bicameral • Council of State • House of Burgess- 1st Colonial representative body founded at Jamestown in 1619 • Members elected by Virginian colonists New England- a little different • Rather than representative body, some New England colonies operated with a Town Meeting- where all the colonists met to discuss issues DIVERSIY

7. During the founding of American colonies, England was becoming more representative Glorious Revolution • English Parliament forced King James II to resign • Parliament invited James’ daughter and son-in-law to rule England if they would agree to give Parliament more power. They did. • Glorious Revolution: 1688 William and Mary came to the throne of England and signed the English Bill of Rights granting Parliament more power • American colonists wanted more power too!

8. Chapter 5, Section 2The Growth of Trade • Even though the colonies were individuals and diverse they still shared some basic economic similarities • They relied on agricultural products/raw materials for their $$ • They had to do what England told them to do in trade • England’s Trade Policy - Mercantilism: • an economic system based on a favorable balance of trade. • The mother country (England) always wants to sell more goods than she buys from other countries. (Export more than she imports). • Goal=make money (accumulation of wealth) • Colonies helped England achieve the favorable balance of trade

9. Mercantilism and Colonies • Colonies (especially Southern colonies) provided raw materials to the England: Cash crops like Tobacco, rice, cotton, wood, indigo • The Mother Country refines the raw materials into finished goods • Mother Country sells the finished goods to other countries (exports) and also to the colonies • Mother country enforces these policies with established rules like Navigation Acts: England required its colonies to trade only with England

10. Relationship between Mercantilism and the Slave Trade • In order for the colonies to produce the raw materials necessary for Mercantilism, colonies needed slave labor • Slaves came from Africa to the Americas • It became efficient for the ships transporting goods to make a triangular shaped route: Triangle of Trade • Part 1- Finished goods from Europe to West Coast of Africa to pick up slaves • Part 2- Slaves and finished goods from Africa to America this second leg became known as the MIDDLE PASSAGE • Part 3- Raw materials from America to Europe

12. Chapter 5, Section 3The Colonial Economy-diverse based on geography • Southern Colonies: Virginia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, & Georgia • Economy based on farming on large plantations • Grew Cash crops like tobacco, rice, indigo • Requires a lot of labor to run the plantation-used slaves from Africa • Developed Slave Codes –laws designed to control and limit power of slaves • Northern colonies: Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island • Economy based on trade & Industry rather than farming since soil too rocky for farming. • Shipbuilding and fishing leading industries • Used skilled craftspeople for labor instead of slavery • Middle Colonies: Delaware, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, New York • Mixture of trade and farming: Grew staple crops-those always needed-wheat, barley, oats • Used some slavery in cities for labor and on farms

13. Section 4- The Great Awakening • Review: What were the main 2 motives for English colonies? • By early 1700s religious leaders worried the colonists had lost some of their religious enthusiasm and wanted to revive interest in religion • Hosted Revivals: emotional gatherings of sermons • These actions by religious leaders led to Great Awakening: widespread Christian movement involving sermons and revivals emphasizing faith and religion • Jonathan Edwards one of the leaders- famous sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

14. Effects of the Great Awakening • Return to religion • Founding of colleges-especially for religious purposes • Promotion of ideals of spiritual equality led to call for more political equality

15. The Enlightenment shares new ideas about Government and Economics • Review: England had always enjoyed some role of the people in government seen through what three documents? • Enlightenment: a philosophical movement of the 1700s in which men asked questions about what should be man’s role in government. Especially wanted a social contract where man had a say in his government.

16. Enlightenment Thinkers who influenced American colonists • John Locke- believed man had three natural rights (life, liberty & property) and if the government violates any of those rights, man has the power to choose a new government • Jean Jacques Rousseau- wrote Social Contract- believed the government should operate to serve the will of the majority of the people • Baron Montesquieu- wrote On the Spirit of Laws –wanted government to divide its powers into branches so that no one part of government becomes too powerful These are all ideas the American colonists would use eventually when they broke rebelled against England and formed a new government