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Understanding Biodiversity and Taxonomy: Classification of Organisms

This chapter explores biodiversity, highlighting the vast variety of living organisms, with nearly 2 million species classified and potentially many more yet to be discovered. It delves into the science of taxonomy, which includes naming, describing, and classifying organisms. From Aristotle's early classifications of plants and animals to Linnaeus's hierarchical system, the chapter outlines how organisms are categorized based on their morphology and habitat. It also explains binomial nomenclature, the two-part scientific name assigned to species, with examples such as Homo sapiens.

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Understanding Biodiversity and Taxonomy: Classification of Organisms

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  1. Chapter 17 Classification of Organisms Section 1 Biodiversity

  2. biodiversity- the variety of organisms that exist • Although scientists have classified almost 2 million species, there are likely many more

  3. Taxonomy- the science of describing, naming and classifying organisms • Various naming systems have been used over the years

  4. Aristotle • Classified organisms into two taxa: plants and animals • Taxa= groups, taxon- group

  5. Aristotle’s System Animals Plants • Classified based on where they lived; land, water or air • Classified based on stem differences

  6. The Linnaean System • Grouped organisms according to their form and structure (morphology) • Had seven levels • Most like the system we used today

  7. Linnaeus’ hierarchy King Phillip Came Over For Ginger Snaps • Kingdom • Phylum • Class • Order • Family • Genus • Species Linnaeus grouped structurally similar organisms of a single type into the species category.

  8. Today’s system uses the added level of “domain” above kingdom • Linnaeus also gave organisms a species name a.k.a scientific name with two parts: • Genus (first letter capitalized) • Species identifier (all lowercase) • **Both underlined or italicized

  9. Human Classification Our scientific name: • Homo sapiens Our genus name is Homo Our species identifier is sapiens

  10. This two part naming system is known as Binomial nomenclature Chaos chaos Names often describe the organism

  11. In addition… • Some species are given subspecies names to refer to the geographic area in which they live Terrapenecarolinatriunui

  12. Various ranges of Eastern Box Turtles

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