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Climate Variations Impacting Monsoon Systems

Explore changes in atmospheric circulation and oceanic patterns affecting global climate, including monsoons, SAM, and AMO. Analyze regional monsoon systems and their effects on precipitation, cyclones, and temperature. Investigate the role of global monsoon systems in climate change and weather patterns.

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Climate Variations Impacting Monsoon Systems

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  1. Erica C. Payne Undergraduate 3rd Year Chemical Engineering Sections 3.6.5 to 3.7.5 Variations of Oceanic climate patterns and monsoon systems

  2. Southern Annual Mode • Change of atmospheric circulation • Zonal wave three pattern • Positive and negative SAM • Monthly global changes • 10% of global variance • Observe jet streams and track storms

  3. Southern Annual Mode • Unclear at high latitudes • New index created in the 1960’s • Contributions • Ozone • Green house gases • El Niño southern oscillations

  4. Southern Annual Mode • Effects on Antarctica • Flow of warmth pole ward • Warming • Less sea ice • More cyclones • More Precipitation • Higher oxygen levels in the snow • Can explain rise in temperature

  5. Atlantic Multi-decadal Oscillations • SST of the North Atlantic • Two recorded cycles • Salt content variation in water • Density variation in water • Effects • Precipitation anomalies • Hurricane formation • Sea ice variation around Greenland

  6. Two important modes: ACW and IOP • ACW • Antarctic Circumpolar Wave • Four-year pattern • Sea surface temperature anomalies • Sea ice content anomalies • Common topic today • Questions of formation and existence

  7. Two important modes: ACW and IOP • IOP • Indian Ocean Dipole • Temperature difference for nearby areas • Easterly changes near equator • Uncertainties • El Niño southern oscillation • SAM and monsoon variability • Lone instances of IOD

  8. Global Monsoon Systems • Monsoons • Seasonal reversal of wind and precipitation • Surface wind reversal not necessary • Global Monsoon System • Assesses monsoon precipitation changes • Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone • South Pacific Convergence Zone • South Atlantic Convergence Zone

  9. Global Monsoon Systems • Regional circulation interference • Collision observations • Trend dates: 1950 – 1979 • Factors: • Regional air-sea interactions • Land surface properties • Aerosols in the atmosphere

  10. Regional Monsoon Systems • Asia • East and South regions • Strength differences in time duration • Summer rain belt shifting southward • Related occurrences

  11. Regional Monsoon Systems • Australia • Monsoon region contents • Multi-Variability • +18% rainfall • +20% rainy days

  12. Regional Monsoon Systems • The Americas • Geographical differences • Usual movement from Mexico to the USA • Trends in Brazil showing a slow shift

  13. Regional Monsoon Systems • Africa • Climate change source – Indian Ocean • Regional differences of anomalies • Multi-decadal rainfall variability • 1970’s: Sahel region • Largest climate change in the world • 170mm rainfall

  14. Questions and Comments?

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