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Displaying Data Using Graphs

This guide explores the visualization of data through graphs, focusing on unimodal and bimodal distributions. A unimodal distribution features a single prominent peak in a histogram, while a bimodal distribution shows two. Learn how to construct histograms by selecting appropriate class numbers, determining class widths, and counting observations in each class. Additionally, discover how to create stemplots, which provide an organized way to visualize data with stems and leaves. This comprehensive overview will enhance your data representation skills.

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Displaying Data Using Graphs

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  1. Displaying Data Using Graphs • Distribution Shapes and Characteristics • Unimodal Distribution • When histogram only shows one prominent peak • Bimodal Distribution • When there are two prominent peaks observed

  2. Constructing histograms • Select the number of classes you wish to fit your data to (between 7 and 15) • Based on number of observations • The greater the number of observations the greater the number of classes • For less than 15 observations, it makes no sense to construct a histogram • Figure out the range of data values that need to be plotted on the histogram • Highest – lowest value • Divide the number of classes you chose into the data range • Round this value up to an even number • The resulting number is your CLASS WIDTH • Determine the specific class boundaries • Count the number of observations in each class (Frequency table) • Draw the histogram

  3. Displaying Data Using Graphs • 3. Stemplots (Stem and leaf diagrams) • Shape of values • Range • Variation • Outliers

  4. Constructing Stemplots • Order observations from lowest to highest (optional) • Separate each observation into a stem that consists of all but the final digit; and leaf, the final digit • The goal is to use the first few digits in each number as the stem, in such a way that about 6 to 15 numbers are lined up vertically. • Attach the leaves to represent each data point • The next digit in the number not used as stem is used as leaf • The remaining digits are dropped

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